I think Democrat Voters want Kamala off the ticket, but, are afraid to say due to Black Politics.
…….
I wrote the above and took a nap. I awake and see Kamala give a very short speech on Democratic victories in regards to Abortion Rights. I recalled my idea for a series
I found the building I lived in where I was adopted by a Crack Gang. Kamala is not cool at all, even though she grew up in Oakland. Blacks see this. She has to go – along with Biden. I talked to Peter Shapiro last night about my preposal to the daughter of the Purple Gang.
Black voters in Virginia and Kentucky save our White Ass from the Righteous Vagina Shamers. In my book Blacks have God’s permission to reinvent themselves across the board. This includes Clarence Judas Thomas – if you believe our Democratic Experiment..
Johnny Oakland
https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2011/june/aynrandled.html
EXTRA! Damn! Did you see Ivanka make a great grand entry – with the walk of a runway model! Wow! This is what I’m talking about. I see….IVANKA DOMINIQUE FRANCON, the daughter of Howard Roark and Dominique. She is in love with Clarence Thomas’s son, who defends her father, played by Donald Trump. This can be a play, musical, a movie, or Netflix series. Evangelicals love the book Fountainhead. Play Shaft as you watch Ivanka’s video. Ivan means John.
I think black voters are getting tricky. They give someone the thumbs down to the pollsters, then turn out for the vote. There was a hit movie called Ryan’s Daughter.
Roark’s Daughter
Roark Meaning and Origin
The name Roark is a boy’s name meaning “illustrious and mighty“ and is of Irish origin. The name “Roark” is of Irish origin, derived from the Gaelic surname “Ó Ruairc.” It is believed to have originated from the Old Norse name “Hróarr,” which means “famous ruler” or “mighty ruler.” Over time, the name underwent various phonetic changes and adaptations as it passed through different cultures and languages. “Roark” embodies a sense of strength, leadership, and historical significance. Its unique blend of traditional roots and contemporary sound makes it an appealing choice for those who seek a name that is both classic and modern. Roark is a relatively uncommon name, which contributes to its distinctiveness and allure. Famous People: Howard Roark: Although fictional, Howard Roark is the protagonist of Ayn Rand’s novel “The Fountainhead.” Roark Critchlow: An actor known for his roles in soap operas like “Days of Our Lives” and various television shows. Roark Bradford: An American writer and columnist known for his humorous stories and folk tales.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fountainhead
After Cameron retires, Keating hires Roark, whom Francon soon fires for refusing to design a building in the classical style. Roark works briefly at another firm, then opens his own office but has trouble finding clients and closes it down. He gets a job in a granite quarry owned by Francon. There he meets Francon’s daughter Dominique, a columnist for The New York Banner, while she is staying at her family’s estate nearby. They are immediately attracted to each other, leading to a rough sexual encounter that Dominique later calls a rape.[2] Shortly after, Roark is notified that a client is ready to start a new building, and he returns to New York. Dominique also returns to New York and learns Roark is an architect. She attacks his work in public, but visits him for secret sexual encounters.
Ivanka Trump is pictured at the New York County Courthouse in New York City on November 8, 2023. Trump testified on Wednesday at the civil fraud trial of her father, former President Donald Trump.© Michael M. Santiago
Ivanka Trump was confronted with her own emails while testifying at her father’s civil fraud trial in New York City on Wednesday.
Trump, the daughter of former President Donald Trump, testified about her job as executive vice president for development and acquisitions at the Trump Organization. She played a key role in securing bank loans for the family business that New York Attorney General Letitia James claims were based on fraudulently inflated financial statements.
State attorney Louis Solomon questioned Trump over her December 2011 actions in negotiating the Trump Organization’s loan from Deutsche Bank to purchase the Doral Golf Resort & Spa in Miami, Florida. The loan’s terms required her father to maintain a net worth of at least $3 billion, independent of any value associated with the Trump brand.
Donald Trump’s financial statement for 2011 claimed that his net worth was $4.2 billion, which James says was far higher than the actual figure. Solomon presented emails on Wednesday that seemingly indicated Trump and others at the Trump Organization were aware that his net worth was lower than the $3 billion required by the loan terms.
One of the emails presented in court shows Ivanka Trump touting the favorable terms of the loan, writing to then-Trump Organization Chief Financial Officer Allen Weisselberg that “it doesn’t get any better than this” and asking that they discuss the loan “asap.” Continue reading
Federal prosecutors in New York on Wednesday announced the arrests of 10 men allegedly belonging to or associated with the Gambino Mafia family, as well as the arrests in Italy of six other alleged organized crime members and associates.
The defendants in Brooklyn federal court are accused of a racketeering conspiracy that allegedly involved “violent extortions, assaults, arson, and union-related crimes,” the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Eastern District of New York said.
Blacks Comes To Oakland
Posted on July 4, 2022 by Royal Rosamond Press
Kasper’s Hot Dogs located at 4521 Telegraph Ave. in Oakland.
In 1986 I lived near Shattuck and 47th. Street in Oakland California. No white man, or white woman, lived here but me! When you drove by, there was a gang hanging around the store on the corner, that is no longer there. After the fire-bombing of their car by a rival gang, they told me I was safe, because I was a member of the hood, and, under their protection. Can you dig it!
“You’re going to protect me like you protected your car?” (laughter)
When is Vice President Kamala Harris going to come to Oakland and have her victory parade? Clarence Thomas is enjoying his – forever! Here’s the source of the Dem downfall.
https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2014/05/religious-right-real-origins-107133/
I enjoyed being poor in Oakland, for the most part. Kasper’s Hot Dog was a hundred yards away, and Bartoli’s Italian Restuarant was across the street. At Happy Hour you got drinks for ten cents – and free food. You got a big plate of food for $1.25. A half mile away was the Kingfish. The owners always had free food, especially on the holidays. Good place to be on the Fourth.
When Obama first became President I founded the Bohemian Bank. I beat around the bush. What I want the Democrats to do was out some funding where the rubber meets the road, and help folks who own Restaurants bring cheap and good food to the people. Subsidize the Service Industry. One percent owns most of the wealth – who should be happy to pay a Special Service Industry Tax.
Kamala Harris is worse than a Big Disappointment. In this blog I had her at the head of The New Army of the Potomac – and launching an all Black Navy. There’s NO FIGHT in her and Sleepy Ol’ Joe. There’s no sizzle – or fireworks! When Biden is out, it will come out that he put the Liberal Catholic Damper on the First Black Vice President, who means – no rough stuff! Let the Gentle Jesus do his thing for the working class and minorities.
I applaud SF Gate for covering the Bohemian Culture of Oakland. The A’s Ballpark jumped another hurdle and might happen. Ballparks and Hotdogs – GO TOGETHER! Kamala – HAS NO CLUE! She is VACUOUS and un-educated. She would be forced to learn some history – OAKLAND HISTORY! She need to come to town – looking for a fight! She should announce the Feds are going to make Oakland – A WINNER! Work with Gavin Newsom and shred DeSantis. Make Micky Mouse the new mascot of the Oakland Athletics! His copyright is about to expire. DO SOMETHING!
Kamala Haris – IS DEFENCIVE! This is because her mother is hardwired into the caste system – that is destroying this Democracy. Clarence is into a caste system.
John
What Is Thomas Doing For Blacks?
Posted on July 3, 2022 by Royal Rosamond Press
Ray West Was No Black Panther
Posted on May 29, 2018 by Royal Rosamond Press
Clarence Thomas may have read the Conservative Racist Rant of Mark Presco – my white brother! Like Thomas, Mark believes white people should stop doing anything for Black People – but set a shining example! Be Pro-Capitalist Life! I got mine – you get yours! Both are encouraging – hatred! Both – hate the Love Generation!
Clarence bases his CONVERSION from being a Radical Black Man – on MISTRUST of White Liberal-Progressives – who he falsely claims WERE behind the Eugenic Movement and putting pieces of murdered embryos in Covid Shots! Mr. C lumps this in with the powerful desire of Democrats to MURDER THE UNBORN as a Anti-Christian Collective. What this adds up to, is C owning a contrived excuse to do nothing for black people and brag to his white conservative friends about how clever he is, which is par for the course for the whole stinking lot of them. Does C have black friends? Does he have – white friends? This is a – Black Howard Roarke – who had no friends! What black man – could trust him?
Above is a pic of David and his son, Malcom. Davide moved in with me when he was ten because his mother had married a abusive man. His father was a Black Panther in Chicago that died in a fire. Malcom was named after Malcom X, and is my grandsons cousin. When I met David’s wife, she told me her Huband’s three sisters told her stories about Angela Davis. It looks like it’s up to me to author another book about a White Radical who had contact with Black People, that somehow ends up causing the repeal of Woe verses Wade thanks to the outrageous racist display of Donald Trump – that C did nothing about? Did he ever offer an opinion?
John Presco
“Indeed, Thomas’ embrace of the Republican Party is consonant with a deep mistrust of white liberals, the institutions they control and the policies they try to advance in the name of “social justice.”
“Thomas has expressed repeatedly that his aversion to abortion is significantly informed by its deep and longstanding ties to racial eugenics programs. It should be noted that these eugenics initiatives were pushed heavily by white liberals of the time, also in the name of helping the marginalized and disadvantaged. Thomas has no trust in similar social justice rhetoric being deployed by abortion rights advocates today.”
Blogger: User Profile: Mark Presco
Clarence Thomas reveals some sympathy for Trump’s baseless fraud claims – CNNPolitics
(CNN)Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas on Monday claimed election fraud is a threat to America, revealing in a forceful dissent some support for former President Donald Trump and Republicans who have refused to accept the result of the 2020 election.
A longtime conservative, Thomas’ legal views naturally aligned with the Trump administration. But his dissent stands out for how much it subscribed to the Trump worldview of fraud, a notion debunked by election law experts and that has failed overwhelmingly in dozens of state and federal court challenges.
“We are fortunate that many of the cases we have seen alleged only improper rule changes, not fraud. But that observation provides only small comfort,” Thomas said, dissenting as the court rejected a long-pending challenge to Pennsylvania mail-in voting procedures.
“An election free from strong evidence of systemic fraud is not alone sufficient for election confidence,” Thomas wrote.
‘Big problems’: The Supreme Court just handcuffed EPA on climate change. What comes next? (msn.com)
READ: Clarence Thomas’ dissent in Pennsylvania election decision
In his 11-page dissent on Monday, Thomas referred to “fraud” 10 times and emphasized alleged flaws in ballots that arrive by mail. He said review of them may be particularly subjective, for example on the validity of signatures, and require state officials to sift through millions of ballots. Each state determines its own election procedures, for balloting in person or by mail, within the safeguards of the federal Voting Rights Act and Constitution.
“The decision to leave election law hidden beneath a shroud of doubt is baffling,” he wrote. “By doing nothing, we invite further confusion and erosion of voter confidence. Our fellow citizens deserve better and expect more of us.”
Clarence Thomas’ deep-seated jealousy of Obama | Commentaries | daytonatimes.com
Thomas’s attempt to diminish the president just underscores what they have – and don’t have – in common.
Both men are products of elite colleges and law schools. But while Thomas hid behind a self-perceived “defect,” Barack Obama took an active role in the life of the institutions he attended. At Harvard, he sought and won membership on the law review, and then, the approval of the review’s members to be their president.
Clarence Thomas drew no job offers from law firms when he graduated in 1974. He’s claimed this was the result of the “taint” of affirmative action.
The most striking contrast between Clarence Thomas and Barack Obama, of course, is what they’ve done after law school.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States
By Brian Linder | blinder@pennlive.com
Impeach Clarence Thomas?
Well, if things keep trending the way they are, more than a million people will have signed a petition by the time the Fourth of July rolls around requesting just that.
The petition, posted to MoveOn.org, was past 907,000 signatures Saturday.
“The right-wing Supreme Court overturned Roe vs. Wade last week, effectively taking away the right to privacy and bodily autonomy that’s been considered legal precedent for the past 50 years,” the petition reads. “Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas—who sided with the majority on overturning Roe—made it clear what’s next: to overturn high court rulings that establish gay rights and contraception rights.”
Thomas has expressed repeatedly that his aversion to abortion is significantly informed by its deep and longstanding ties to racial eugenics programs. It should be noted that these eugenics initiatives were pushed heavily by white liberals of the time, also in the name of helping the marginalized and disadvantaged. Thomas has no trust in similar social justice rhetoric being deployed by abortion rights advocates today.
This mistrust was widely shared among Black activists of his generation — and is in keeping with Thomas’ Supreme Court decisions, including overturning Roe. If anything, the racialized attacks many liberals directed at Thomas in the wake of the Dobbs v. Jackson ruling confirm the pessimistic view of race relations that prevailed among many of the Black thinkers who shaped Thomas’ worldview and is exhibited by Thomas himself.
For instance, Thomas was deeply inspired by Malcolm X. He had a poster of Malcolm X that hung in his dorm room. He memorized many of his speeches by heart, and he continues to evoke him frequently to this day.
It was Malcolm X, of course, who famously declared that, “In this deceitful American game of power politics, the Negros (i.e. the race problem, the integration and civil rights issues) are nothing but tools, used by one group of whites called Liberals against another group of whites called Conservatives, either to get into power or to remain in power.”
He argued that white liberals and white conservatives differ “only in one way: the liberal is more deceitful than the conservative. The liberal is more hypocritical than the conservative. Both want power, but the white liberal is the one who has perfected the art of posing as the Negro’s friend and benefactor.” He continued, “By winning the friendship, allegiance and support of the Negro, the white liberal is able to use the Negro as a pawn or a tool.”
A 2019 New Yorker profile reported that Thomas also supported Black Panther leader Kathleen Cleaver and Communist Party member Angela Davis, both of whom had been wanted by police.
“When he was asked at his confirmation hearings what he majored in, Thomas said, ‘English literature.’ When he was asked what he minored in, he said, ‘protest,’” the article notes, pointing out that his first visit to Washington was to march against the Vietnam War and the last rally he went to demanded the release of two Black Panthers. “I was never a liberal,” the article quotes him as saying at a talk in 1996. “I was a radical.”
Thomas seems to have been put on this path by the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. King had advanced a particularly optimistic view of white liberals and cross-racial advocacy. However, in the months leading up to his death, even he was forced to concede that “Negros have proceeded from a premise that equality means what it says, and they have taken white America at their word when they talked of it as an objective.”
In contrast, he wrote, most whites “proceed from a premise that equality is a loose expression for improvement. White America is not even psychologically organized to close the gap — essentially, it seeks only to make it less painful and less obvious but in most respects to retain it. Most abrasions between Negros and white liberals arise from this fact.”
The political theorist Robin notes that, in the aftermath of King’s assassination, which occurred when he was a student at Holy Cross in Worcester, “by his own report, Thomas has a realization that nobody is going to do anything for black people. And by nobody, he means white liberals and white leftists.”
By the time Thomas arrived at Yale Law School, he was militant on racial matters and more-or-less fully disillusioned with mainstream liberalism. Hillary Clinton, who overlapped with him in the early ’70s, recently declared that as long as she has known Thomas, he’s always been filled with “grievance,” “anger” and “resentment.” Unsaid, but critical context: These were feelings Thomas displayed toward white liberals in particular (like Clinton herself), who dominated Yale at the time, and who continue to dominate elite spaces today.
Thomas noted in a recent interview that people regularly assume he has difficulties around other Black people by virtue of his politics. “It’s just the opposite,” he declared. “The only people with whom I’ve had difficulties are white, liberal elites who consider themselves the anointed and us the benighted … I have never had issues with members of my race.”
In fact, there have been many prominent Black intellectuals and leaders whose Black nationalist-inflected mistrust of white liberals ultimately led them to conservativism. For Thomas, it was the work of Black economist Thomas Sowell that ultimately helped him channel his misgivings toward “white saviors” into a coherent, right-aligned political philosophy.
There is a deep irony in characterizing Thomas as an “Uncle Tom” (or worse) given that, prior to pursuing public service, he identified with Black nationalism.
However, Black nationalist impulses continue to influence his rulings and judicial philosophy. For instance, core to Thomas’ thinking, per Robin, is “a belief in Black self-defense.” This commitment undergirds Thomas’ staunch support for the Second Amendment. It also plays a role in his opposition to abortion.
Thomas has expressed repeatedly that his aversion to abortion is significantly informed by its deep and longstanding ties to racial eugenics programs. It should be noted that these eugenics initiatives were pushed heavily by white liberals of the time, also in the name of helping the marginalized and disadvantaged. Thomas has no trust in similar social justice rhetoric being deployed by abortion rights advocates today.
Early proponents
The American eugenics movement was rooted in the biological determinist ideas of Sir Francis Galton, which originated in the 1880s. In 1883, Sir Francis Galton first used the word eugenics to describe scientifically, the biological improvement of genes in human races and the concept of being “well-born”.[10] He believed that differences in a person’s ability were acquired primarily through genetics and that eugenics could be implemented through selective breeding in order for the human race to improve in its overall quality, therefore allowing for humans to direct their own evolution.[11] In the US, eugenics was largely supported after the discovery of Mendel’s law lead to a widespread interest in the idea of breeding for specific traits.[12] Galton studied the upper classes of Britain, and arrived at the conclusion that their social positions could be attributed to a superior genetic makeup.[13] American eugenicists tended to believe in the genetic superiority of Nordic, Germanic and Anglo-Saxon peoples, supported strict immigration and anti-miscegenation laws, and supported the forcible sterilization of the poor, disabled and “immoral.”[14]
Eugenics supporters hold signs criticizing various “genetically inferior” groups. Wall Street, New York, c. 1915.
The American eugenics movement received extensive funding from various corporate foundations including the Carnegie Institution, Rockefeller Foundation, and the Harriman railroad fortune.[15] In 1906, J.H. Kellogg provided funding to help found the Race Betterment Foundation in Battle Creek, Michigan.[13] The Eugenics Record Office (ERO) was founded in Cold Spring Harbor, New York in 1911 by the renowned biologist Charles B. Davenport, using money from both the Harriman railroad fortune and the Carnegie Institution
Ayn Rand Judge Contradicts Himself | Rosamond Press
Manson, Black Panthers, Whites Slaughtered | Rosamond Press
Wake Up Ye Africans | Rosamond Press
Ray West Was No Black Panther | Rosamond Press
My Kidnapped Family | Rosamond Press
Huey Newton Rising | Rosamond Press
Mark Presco – Robert Buck – Reparations | Rosamond Press
Blogger: User Profile: Mark Presco
Eugenics in the United States – Wikipedia
Billionaire Redecorates Court Land Building
Posted on April 14, 2023 by Royal Rosamond Press
Side altar at the Antoniter church, 1935
“Each summer, Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas invites his four new law clerks to his home to watch a movie.
Not just any movie, but the 1949 film version of the classic of libertarian conservatism, Ayn Rand’s “The Fountainhead.”
https://www.newsday.com/news/nation/harlan-crow-purchase-properties-clarence-thomas-report-ii387j7r
Justice Thomas.is a huge fan of Ayn Rand and the book Fountainhead. The protagonist blows up the Cortlandt building, because Liberal Socialist Do-gooders added their crap to his original vision – and ruined his philosophy of life – that the Christian-right has adopted. Clarence would invite law students to view this movie with him because it is all about INDIVIDUALISM. After Obama won the Presidency, the Christian Think Tanks got to work, and depicted the FIRST BLACK PRESIDENT as Howard Roark’s evil nemesis, Ellsworth Toohey.. Nancy Pelosi is Mrs. Toohey. Obamacare was pure Toohey Evil that had been attached to our Capitol and Supreme Court – and had to be removed – even if it meant blowing up these buildings!
“Release the Kraken!”
Capitalism has always had a difficult time with JESUS THE TRIBAL SOCIALST. Our Founding Fathers struggled with this. They did not set black slaves free – or give women the right to vote. Why? Because they didn’t want to throw out their Roman Capitalist Ways. Jesus was depicted as a Rebel who bucked the socialist tribal system of laws – and created a Democracy.
“Let my people go – and make money!”
When Jesus overturn the money lending tables, he designed the first Stock Exchange. This is why he was arrested – and murdered!
Did Ginni Thomas see her husband as a rugged Jesus Individualist? How about Harlan Crow – and John Eastman – who might know about the Supreme Remodel Job on Ginnis mother-in-law’s house, where she only got a new carport. Why not a brand new – TWO CAR GARAGE? My question will be the downfall of the Christian Nationalists, because the only answer can be…..IT WOULD BE TOO CONSPICUOUSE! Followers of the Socialist Satanic Obama Cult would ask questions.
THEY HATE BILLIONAIRES AND CAPITALISM!
When you got a hundred billion bucks, of course you WANT CHANGE! Harlan Crow said he was just making a MONUMENT to the second black member of the Supreme Court. Did Crow give any money to help enhance The Legacy of the First Black President – who can be compared to Howard Roark by sane and loyal Americans. Here is the motive for the repeal of Roe vs. Wade.
https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2014/05/religious-right-real-origins-107133/
The world is watching our vital fight For Liberty and Justice For All! Consider the changes in Israel that was founded by Socialist who gave God’s People FREE MEDICINE. Is abortion legal in Israel?
John Presco
Presidnt: Royal Rosamond Press
https://www.newsday.com/news/nation/harlan-crow-purchase-properties-clarence-thomas-report-ii387j7r
Both Thomas and Crow have released statements downplaying the significance of the gifts, with Thomas maintaining that he was not required to disclose the trips. Crow responded to the latest disclosure with a statement to ProPublica saying that he approached Thomas about the purchase with an eye on honoring his legacy.
“My intention is to one day create a public museum at the Thomas home dedicated to telling the story of our nation’s second black Supreme Court Justice,” the statement said. “Justice Thomas’s story represents the best of America.”
Ayn Rand was very big on the concept of one individual “surrendering” to another (in her books, it is always depicted as the woman surrendering to the man, as Ayn Rand typically depicts men as superior – feminists be damned). Ergo, I believe it was consensual, even though it is called rape. (Rand herself even referred to the scene as “if it was rape, it was rape by engraved invitation.”) I do not deny and, rather, assert that anytime someone does something to another with force that they don’t want, it is a crime against the victim. However, clearly, that cannot be considered the case here. Ayn Rand put the rape on a pedestal, esteeming the ownership and associated “surrender” with high self-esteem. Dominique wanted the sex, she wanted the sex violent, and she wanted the sexual fantasy exactly the way Roark delivered it.
https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2014/05/religious-right-real-origins-107133/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fountainhead
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Israeli_judicial_reform
Israeli Supreme Court and judicial review
Under Israel’s current constitutional framework, all legislation, government orders, and administrative actions of state bodies are subject to judicial review by the Supreme Court of Israel, which has the power to strike down legislation and reverse executive decisions it determines to be in violation of Israel’s Basic Laws.[6][17]
This role of the Court in Israel has been seen by the majority of Israel, especially the left wing, as crucial for the protection of human rights in light of its otherwise weak system of checks and balances, which lacks a bicameral legislative system, a president with executive powers, a federal government, regional elections, membership in a regional supra-governmental organization, or acceptance of the International Court of Justice’s authority.[18]
Like most people these days, I have been upset about the crises affecting our family, our
Destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem Painting
Supporters of U.S. President Donald Trump climb a wall at the Capitol during a violent
Pharisee Thomas Smokes With Wealthy Influencers
Posted on April 8, 2023 by Royal Rosamond Press
Republican operative lawyers Peter Rutledge, Leonard Leo, and Mark Paoletta are depicted with United States Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas and Republican donor Harlan Crow in this painting by Sharif Tarabay. The canvas is both set at Crow’s lavish Adirondacks resort, Camp Topridge, and part of the compound’s decor.
People Who Loved Cortlandt
Posted on March 27, 2022 by Royal Rosamond Press
“We loved all those balconies that we cooked on.”
“Our cats sat out there all day!”
“Why did he have to blow it up?”
“We could talk to each other on our balconies!”
“Narcissistic son of a bitch!”
“Release the Kraken!”
Clarence Thomas is his own man
BY DAVID G. SAVAGE
JULY 3, 2011 12 AM PT
WASHINGTON —
Each summer, Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas invites his four new law clerks to his home to watch a movie.
Not just any movie, but the 1949 film version of the classic of libertarian conservatism, Ayn Rand’s “The Fountainhead.”
The movie’s hero, played by Gary Cooper, is an idealistic but stubborn architect, who, as Rand wrote, “stood alone against the men of his time.” A character, it might be said, a lot like Thomas himself. “If you think you are right, there is nothing wrong with being the only one,” he said last year in explaining his fondness for the movie. “I have no problem being the only one.
Twenty years ago last Friday, President George H.W. Bush nominated Thomas to the nation’s highest court. In the years since, Thomas has routinely been referred to as a member of the court’s conservative bloc. But the label hardly captures the distinctiveness of his record. In an institution where the ability to decide the law depends on creating a five-vote majority, no other justice is so proud of standing alone.
He strictly avoids the give-and-take among justices during oral arguments; he has not asked a question or made a comment in more than five years.
And his most provocative opinions have been solo dissents. Among them, he has declared that the Constitution gives states a right to establish an official religion. Prisoners, he wrote, have no constitutional right to be protected from beatings by guards. Teenagers and students have no free-speech rights at all, he said in an opinion Monday, because in the 18th century, when the Constitution was written, parents had “absolute authority” over their children.
Two years ago, the court ruled that a school official could not strip-search a 13-year-old girl to look for two extra-strength ibuprofen pills. Thomas — alone — dissented, calling the search of her underwear “reasonable and justified.”
Alone, he voted to strike down a key part of the Voting Rights Act that is credited with giving blacks political power in the South. And he was the lone justice to uphold the George W. Bush administration’s view that an American citizen could be held as an “enemy combatant” with no charges and no hearing.
He is seen as a sure vote to strike down President Obama’s healthcare law and its insurance mandate because he already has called for striking down a wide range of 20th century federal laws that regulate business, saying they go beyond Congress’ power.
Conservative scholars who admire Thomas say he, more than any justice, exemplifies the legal theory of “originalism” — the idea that the Constitution must be interpreted solely as its words would have been understood by those who approved it 222 years ago.
“He looks to how the Constitution was understood at the time of the ratification. He goes to first principles. And he is willing to challenge precedents that deviate from the original understanding,” said John Eastman, a Chapman University law professor and former Thomas clerk.
His critics see a justice out of step with the court and the country.
“He is the most radical justice to serve on the court in decades,” said Erwin Chemerinsky, dean of the UC Irvine Law School and a liberal constitutional scholar. He “would change the law dramatically and give little weight to precedent. It’s easy to overlook how radical [he is] because his are usually sole opinions that do not get attention.”
During most of his tenure, Thomas rarely has written major opinions for the court. Because his views did not sit well with the moderate justices needed to form a majority, former Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist often assigned him tax and bankruptcy cases.
But this year, under current Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr., he has spoken for the court’s conservative majority in significant decisions that limited the rights of prisoners, which has become his signature issue. In March, he announced a 5-4 decision that threw out a $14-million jury verdict in favor of a black Louisiana man who had been convicted of murder and nearly executed because prosecutors hid evidence that could have proven his innocence.
A month later, Thomas said a state’s “sovereign immunity” barred inmates from suing for damages when their freedom of religion had been violated.
Still, it is Thomas’ willingness to go solo that most defines his career. It is a tendency that was almost certainly reinforced by his bitter and ugly confirmation fight in the Senate, which was dominated by questions about his qualifications and allegations that he had sexually harassed former aide Anita Hill. Bruised, he withdrew to a closed circle of loyal friends and clerks.
The relationship with his clerks remains close. “They’re my little family. They’re my kids, and I just really like having them around,” Thomas told legal editor Bryan Garner in 2007. The clerks take the lead in writing and editing opinions, he said.
“Nothing comes to me that hasn’t been through aggressive editing” by all of the clerks, Thomas said.
And there is no room for contrary views. “I won’t hire clerks who have profound disagreements with me,” Thomas told a Dallas group. “It’s like trying to train a pig. It wastes your time, and it aggravates the pig.”
From the start, Thomas was destined to be controversial. He is an African American conservative who was named to replace a civil rights legend and leading liberal.
It was the last week of June 1991 when Justice Thurgood Marshall, the court’s first African American, announced he would retire. That week, Thomas turned 43. He had spent the 1980s as a Reagan appointee heading two civil rights offices and had earned a reputation as an outspoken conservative. He had served one year as a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals in Washington.
The elder Bush announced Thomas’ nomination July 1. “The fact that he is black and a minority had nothing to do with this in the sense that he is the best-qualified at this time,” Bush said.
At his confirmation, Thomas reassured senators he would bring “no agenda” or ideology to the court. “I believe I can bring something different, that I can walk in the shoes of the people who are affected by what the court does,” he testified, referring to his childhood poverty. He said that seeing “busload after busload” of mostly African American criminal defendants arriving at the District of Columbia courthouse, “I say to myself almost every day, ‘But for the grace of God, there go I.’ ”
He was confirmed by a 52-48 vote, the closest victory margin for a justice in more than 100 years.
Thomas has proven to be the ideological opposite of Marshall. “They are virtually mirror images of each other,” said USC law professor Lee Epstein, who tracks justices’ voting behavior. Marshall and William O. Douglas were the most liberal members of the Warren Burger court in the 1970s. Thomas has been the most conservative member of the Rehnquist and Roberts courts, Epstein said.
Nowhere is the difference more apparent than in cases involving prisoners. Marshall wrote the court’s opinion holding that deliberately subjecting prisoners to cruelty, including refusing them needed medical care, can violate the Constitution’s ban on cruel and unusual punishment.
Thomas, alone among his colleagues, continues to oppose that ruling. The constitutional ban has nothing to do with what happens to an inmate in prison, he argues; it only limits what sentence the defendant may receive. “Judges or juries — but not jailors — impose punishment,” he said. By that standard, brutal beatings meted out by a guard do not qualify as unconstitutional punishment.
In November 1991, two months after Thomas took his seat on the court, the justices heard the case of Keith Hudson, a Louisiana prisoner who had been handcuffed and then repeatedly punched in the face and kicked by a guard. His teeth and dental plate were cracked. He sued, and a magistrate awarded him $800 in damages.
Roberts, then the Bush administration’s 36-year-old deputy solicitor general, argued on behalf of the prisoner. He said that although guards may use force to maintain discipline, it is cruel and unusual punishment for them to brutally beat inmates. The Supreme Court agreed in a 7-2 decision. Thomas dissented. “In my view, a use of force which causes only insignificant harm to a prisoner … is not ‘cruel and unusual punishment,’ ” he wrote. Thomas’ approach would permit the torturing of prisoners, Justice Harry Blackmun said.
Whenever the court has rebuked prosecutors for removing blacks from a jury, Thomas has dissented. And when a 7-2 decision sided with a black manager at a Cracker Barrel who was fired after complaining about the mistreatment of another black employee, Thomas dissented. “Retaliation is not racial discrimination,” he wrote.
Decisions of that sort have made Thomas, the only black justice, a divisive figure among many African Americans. Last month, he was invited to speak in Augusta, Ga., at the dedication of a new county courthouse to be named for Judge John Ruffin, a civil rights pioneer and the first black superior court judge in the city.
Some protested the choice. “Ruffin detested Clarence Thomas,” said Mallory Millender, a retired professor from Paine College in Augusta.
Ruffin’s widow, Judith Fennell Ruffin, said she was honored the justice would participate in the tribute to her late husband. “We may have different opinions, but he was coming as our guest,” she said.
Thomas spoke to the local bar and denounced the “cynics” who “demonize” the court without reading its opinions. “I think there is a disease of illiteracy or laziness, because just the commentary will tell you they haven’t read it,” he said.
Away from the court, Thomas offers mixed views of his job. He rarely speaks about the law, even when addressing law students, except to say the justices get along well. “I have never heard an unkind word” in the court’s private conferences, he says.
“There’s not much that entices about the job,” he told another college crowd in California. “There’s no money in it. No privacy. No big houses. And from an ego standpoint, it does nothing for me.” While it is an honor to be a Supreme Court justice, “I wouldn’t say I like it. I like sports. I like to drive a motor home,” he said.
What he and his wife, Virginia, really enjoy, he says, is taking to the road in the summer in their 40-foot motor coach and meeting new friends at RV parks.
Still, he figures to be on the court for many years to come. Marshall was 83 when he retired, and Thomas, now 63, says he would like to match him. If so, Thomas is at the midpoint of his court career, with 20 more years ahead of him.
“In his opinion, Thomas called for the court to revisit rulings on cases that had affirmed the right to privacy, including access to contraceptives and LGBTQ rights.”
One of the most durable myths in recent history is that the religious right, the coalition of conservative evangelicals and fundamentalists, emerged as a political movement in response to the U.S. Supreme Court’s 1973 Roe v. Wade ruling legalizing abortion. The tale goes something like this: Evangelicals, who had been politically quiescent for decades, were so morally outraged by Roe that they resolved to organize in order to overturn it.
This myth of origins is oft repeated by the movement’s leaders. In his 2005 book, Jerry Falwell, the firebrand fundamentalist preacher, recounts his distress upon reading about the ruling in the Jan. 23, 1973, edition of the Lynchburg News: “I sat there staring at the Roe v. Wade story,” Falwell writes, “growing more and more fearful of the consequences of the Supreme Court’s act and wondering why so few voices had been raised against it.” Evangelicals, he decided, needed to organize.
https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2014/05/religious-right-real-origins-107133/
Herman Cain Does Howard Roark
Posted on November 10, 2011 by Royal Rosamond Press
I know why millions of Christians are so forgiving of Herman Cain – he is Ayn Randish! Evangelicals worship Ayn Rand even though she was an atheist. In Atlas Shrugged evangelicals get permission to not pay taxes to support the socialist safety net. It’severy man and woman for themselves, just like Howard Roark! If you don’t design and build a skyscraper, you are lowlife scum. Then, there is the Tea Bag dream to return to the good old days of Davey Crockett, whose wife made her own soap.
Evangelical leaders are Vietnam Vets who want to succeed in America, because they failed so badly in Vietnam to gift primitive people with the Randish Capitalist Dream. They didn’t want all that Madison Avenue crap hung on their ancient way of life, that did not need to be changed, especially by Peace Makers armed to the teeth. In the army all rugged individualism is highly discouraged, one told you have no identity, but are one with your warrior brothers. Thinking for oneself, is not allowed – along with women!
In the movie and book ‘Fountainhead’ the Domineering princess of old money comes upon Howard drilling away on a rock. Look at that size of that drill. What powerful arms that dude has. Dominique must have – what she wants – a good drilling. But, instead of going directly to what she wants, she uses feminine cunning and guile, just like her male counterparts who love to enslave their fellow man in red tape and socialist committees that suck precious bodily fluids out a real man, like Howard – who in self defence is forced to rape Dominique.
“This is what you want?”
Of course, weak, ass-kissing wimps like Keating are not allowed to rape beautiful women, because the woman is guranteed to come out on top, which is a no-no amongst folks who want to run the world according to the Bible, where one is told over and over there will be severe penalties for not doing exactly what God tells you to do. As strange as this might sound, ten of millions of evangelical sheep believe God is telling them to vote for Herman Cain, and thus, He can do not wrong!
Jon Presco
“GOP leaders and conservative pundits have brought upon themselves a crisis of values,” the network explains. “Many who for years have been the loudest voices invoking the language of faith and moral values are now praising the atheist philosopher Ayn Rand whose teachings stand in direct contradiction to the Bible.” The network complained that “GOP leaders want to argue that they are defending Christian principles” while also praising Rand.
Amy Sullivan, in the Swampland, wrote something quite striking. George W. Bush declared that his favorite philosopher was Christ. The far right, now, though appears to have rejected Christ, in favor of Rand.
Ayn Rand’s The Fountainhead. One of the greatest books of all time. Though Atlas Shrugged is, by far, the better book (considered the second-most influential book after the Bible), it’s all relative. The Fountainhead is, in my opinion, required reading before taking on Atlas Shrugged. Without reading The Fountainhead first, you miss important concepts in Atlas Shrugged. Atlas Shrugged is a highly complex book to read and is deep in philosophical tenets. Reading The Fountainhead first will help you enjoy and experience Atlas Shrugged so much more.
But putting aside these benefits, there are other reasons to read The Fountainhead, not the least of which is the sex. (Atlas Shrugged will also whet your sexual appetite.) Granted, most don’t associate Ayn Rand with eroticism. However, one of the reasons Ayn Rand is so successful at effectively communicating her philosophy, which later came to be known as Objectivism, is because she mixes philosophical proselytizing with drama. And, after all, what’s drama without sex?
Of course, neither The Fountainhead nor Atlas Shrugged compare to the eroticism and violent sexual images found in books such as Pauline Reage’s The Story of O or Marquis De Sade’s 120 Days of Sodom. But The Fountainhead attacks a sexual topic most wouldn’t consider very controversial: rape. Though arguably starting earlier (call it foreplay), pages 215-218 in The Fountainhead paperback represent the infamous “rape” scene.
…have you ever had sex where you’ve felt “owned” and/or you “surrendered?”
What is rape? Rape, also referred to as sexual assault, is an assault by a person involving sexual intercourse with or without sexual penetration of another person without that person’s consent. I’ve had many conversations over the years about this scene, especially with those who I would consider “surface-readers” – those who read without the curiosity to explore the implications. Was it rape or wasn’t it? The answer boils down to whether or not Dominique Francon gave her consent to Howard Roark.
I think Dominique did consent to the sex, wanted it, and even encouraged it through her actions. Within the scene, there are multiple facts to support my contentions. (There are even more if you include other passages surrounding the scene and overall character development.) For example, Ayn Rand writes, “She fought like an animal. But she made no sound. She did not call for help.” (bottom of p. 216). She goes on: “He did it as an act of scorn. Not as love, but as defilement. And this made her lie still and submit. One gesture of tenderness from him – and she would have remained cold, untouched by the things done to her body. But the act of a master taking shameful, contemptuous possession of her was the kind of rapture she had wanted.” Later, when Dominique wants to take a bath, she writes: “She turned the light on in the bathroom. She saw herself in a tall mirror. She saw the purple bruises left on her body by his mouth. She heard a moan muffled in her throat, not very loud. It was not the sight, but the sudden flash of knowledge. She knew she would not take a bath. She knew that she wanted to keep the feeling of his body, the traces of his body on hers, knowing also what such a desire implied.”
In fact, after Roark leaves, Ayn Rand writes (middle of p. 219): “She could accept, thought Dominique, and come to forget in time everything that had happened to her, save one memory: that she had found pleasure in the thing which had happened, that he had known it, and more: that he had known it before he came to her and that he would not have come but for that knowledge. She had not given him the one answer that would have saved her: an answer of simple revulsion – she had found joy in her revulsion, in her terror and in his strength. That was the degradation she had wanted and she hated him for it.” When Dominique is reading a letter from Alvah Scarret: “She read it and smiled. She thought, if they knew… those people… the old life and that awed reverence before her person. I’ve been raped… I’ve been raped by some red-headed hoodlum from a stone quarry… I, Dominique Francon… Through the fierce sense of humiliation, the words gave her the same kind of pleasure she had felt in his arms.” Additionally, when Dominique goes to the quarry looking for Howard Roark and doesn’t find him (bottom of p. 220), Ayn Rand writes: “She walked away. She would not ask for his name. It was her last chance of freedom.” Finally, she had multiple scenes where Dominique would consider something a “win” (i.e., against Roark) and would then proceed to dominate him by being the more sexually forceful.
Ayn Rand was very big on the concept of one individual “surrendering” to another (in her books, it is always depicted as the woman surrendering to the man, as Ayn Rand typically depicts men as superior – feminists be damned). Ergo, I believe it was consensual, even though it is called rape. (Rand herself even referred to the scene as “if it was rape, it was rape by engraved invitation.”) I do not deny and, rather, assert that anytime someone does something to another with force that they don’t want, it is a crime against the victim. However, clearly, that cannot be considered the case here. Ayn Rand put the rape on a pedestal, esteeming the ownership and associated “surrender” with high self-esteem. Dominique wanted the sex, she wanted the sex violent, and she wanted the sexual fantasy exactly the way Roark delivered it.
Over the years, I’ve heard many false claims about the implications of this scene (and her books in general). “Rand has a cavalier attitude toward love.” “Rand’s conception of love would make love impossible.” “Rand is unfeeling.” “Rand minimizes rape.” To understand her philosophy better, it helps to get to the base motivations of each character’s thoughts and actions. So, in this case, why is it that Dominique surrendered? What was her motivation? What did she learn as a result of the experience? What were her subsequent actions? If you can figure that out, you will learn the moral implications and philosophical tenets of love, feelings, and sex.
Ayn Rand was anything but cavalier toward love. Unlike what many believe, her concept of love is logical and rational. In fact, I’d suggest that one of the reasons so many relationships typically seem to end poorly is because we have forgotten (or, more likely, never learned) that all successful relationships are based on an exchange of value-for-value. Additionally, she, in no way, discounted feelings, which is obvious with even a cursory look at character development. I’m actually struck that I am so flushed with emotion (and sexual desire) every time I re-read The Fountainhead and Atlas Shrugged. Feelings can be controlled, and they are controlled by the mind. Feelings are also rational (as they are part of human nature). I think Rand’s point is that using feelings instead of (or as a higher priority than) thought is always likely to lead to poor decisions and, thus, improper/irrational actions.
Let me conclude with a somewhat provocative question: if, dear reader, you’ll excuse my crudeness and brashness, have you ever had sex where you’ve felt “owned” and/or you “surrendered?” If not, maybe you shouldn’t knock it until you’ve tried it? Granted, it’s not for those with a weak mind or a weak heart. But, then again, I’m not looking for those with either.
“…A “silly” and “bumptious” novel can have destructive and lasting power…and then it finds new life as a movie. Viewers beware because the new movie Atlas Shrugged is an adaptation of Ayn Rand’s novel, which peddles a starkly anti-Christian philosophy…” Chuck Colson on Atlas Shrugged.
The Pink Flamingo has been writing about Ayn Rand and the factthat she was terribly against Christians. I’ve reached the point where I do not think a person can be a practicing libertarian and a Christian. They two are incompatible.
Is Alan Greenspan’s libertarian philosophy responsible for our economic woes?
About the time Fortunewas extolling Greenspan, I was putting the finishing touches on a book about finances for a major evangelical publisher. I included a chapter on Rand’s quasi-religious philosophies, and another that encouraged Wall Street to embrace a traditional Judeo-Christian ethic. I wrote, “Ayn Rand, like Karl Marx, was one more self-proclaimed prophet who denied the existence of a loving God.” I added this comment from a leading political commentator:
Libertarians have replaced Marxists as the world’s leading utopia builders.” I concluded that we would one day apologize to our children for what Rand had done to our souls, as well as to the political economy.
My junior editor removed the chapter on Rand. “No one has heard of Ayn Rand,” she said. But my senior editor reinserted it. He said he had never understood his family until reading it. It made him realize that they had mixed Rand’s strongly anti-government, unquestioningly pro-business, and individualistic worldview with biblical Christianity. Theologians call this “syncretism”—which George Barna calls America’s favorite religion. It’s a religion too many Christians have bent the knee to.
By the end of 2008, “Maestro” Greenspan was booed off the stage. Yet there are at least three reasons we should stay aware of Rand and her remaining disciples…
Second, Rand still has influential financial disciples like junk-bond king Michael Milken, Chris Cox, head of the Securities and Exchange Commission for the Bush administration leading up to the crash, as well as cultural influencers like Playboy founder Hugh Hefner, media mogul Ted Turner, and pundits John Stossel, Rush Limbaugh, and Glenn Beck, who recently advised Christians to leave any church that speaks of social justice….”
The Pink Flamingo has been wondering why Christians are not speaking out against Ayn Rand and her disciples. A few Christians are finally doing just that – and it is about time.
“…Our financial guruscontinue to sing in Rand’s temple, using quasi-biblical principles to obtain wealth but disposing of God’s principles if the investment doesn’t lead to “productive achievement.” I’ve long believed that leaders of the Religious Right and our more popular financial advisers, who have attempted to harmonize their philosophies with economic libertarianism the past three decades, have been nave. Libertarians usually despise Christian social values, advocating the legalization of abortion, illicit drugs, and pornography while worshiping wealth. The biblical discouragement of unholy alliances should have named that tune as syncretism. But the angry white man of 1994 sings on at today’s tea parties. And his anger is still primarily over economic issues….”
Howard Shaft
Posted on March 27, 2022 by Royal Rosamond Press
Howard Shaft
A Musical
by John Presco
Copyright 2022
“Now you know why I dynamited Cortlandt!”
The strange Ayn Rand dynamics lurking in the relationship of Ginni and Clarence Thomas that caused “The Kraken” to be released on our Nation’s Capitol.
Ayn Rand, Justice Thomas, & The Fountainhead
John Aglialoro, the producer of the movie Atlas Shrugged: Part 1 (2011), recently announced that due to bad reviews and poor box office, he is abandoning the plans for parts two and three of the story. As someone who read Ayn Rand’s long book Atlas Shrugged many years ago, I was interested when I heard they were making a movie version. But when I saw the trailer, the movie looked terribly boring, so I am not among the few who have seen it. I might have watched it on DVD when it came out, but now that I know it may leave me hanging without any resolution, maybe not. Yet, some recent reports indicate the second movie still may be coming out next year.
One person who might be disappointed if the sequels are abandoned is Justice Clarence Thomas of the U.S. Supreme Court. In the book The Nine: Inside the Secret World of the Supreme Court (2007), Jeffrey Toobin (p. 119) wrote that Justice Thomas often requires his law clerks to watch the movie, The Fountainhead, which is based upon another book by Ayn Rand and directed by King Vidor. That one sentence in Toobin’s book jumped out, raising questions about the connection between the movie and Justice Thomas’s judicial philosophy, and what it means for America.
Ayn Rand incorporated her philosophy of Objectivism into her novels. The philosophy has several parts, but she described one of the basic tenants this way: “Man—every man—is an end in himself, not the means to the ends of others. He must exist for his own sake, neither sacrificing himself to others nor sacrificing others to himself. The pursuit of his own rational self-interest and of his own happiness is the highest moral purpose of his life.”
One may debate the value of a philosophy of self-interest. A number of conservatives have embraced the philosophy as connected to laissez-faire capitalism, so one might understand why the conservative Justice Thomas admires Ayn Rand’s work. In his memoir, My Grandfather’s Son, he wrote about reading Atlas Shrugged and The Fountainhead and how the books affected him: “Rand preached a philosophy of radical individualism that she called Objectivism. While I didn’t fully accept its tenets, her vision of the world made more sense to me that that of my left-wing friends.” (p. 62) A website devoted to Ayn Rand’s fiction writing, The Atlas Society, has more about Justice Thomas’s connection to Ayn Rand.
Still, The Fountainhead (1949) is an odd movie choice, even though it features excellent actors like Gary Cooper, Raymond Massey, and Patricia Neal. One reviewer summed it up as “one of the strangest and most florid pictures of its time, possibly of all time.” The Fountainhead is about an architect named Howard Roark (Cooper) who has his own vision and does not want to compromise his beliefs and art to popular ideas. When the people who hired him to create a public housing building do not let him do it his way, he blows up the modified building. And he’s the hero of the movie. Okay, I get the idea about not compromising, but isn’t blowing up the building going too far?
One might wonder why Justice Thomas loves this unusual movie so much that he has the recent law school graduates who work for him watch it. And one might speculate what message the new lawyers take from the self-interest theme of the movie regarding one’s lack of compassion for the poor and underprivileged.
Considering Roark’s destruction of the building in the movie, and in today’s atmosphere of terrorism, I hope Justice Thomas has selected another movie. Maybe watching the new Atlas Shrugged will lead him to opt for another movie to show his clerks. And he could even stick with films featuring Republican and anti-Communist Gary Cooper. If Thomas wants an excellent movie that teaches about the importance of the individual and duty, he might select High Noon (1952). Or if he wants to go further, he might choose Cooper in Frank Capra’s Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936) or Meet John Doe (1941), both which would give the new lawyers lessons on the importance of common people and the corrupting influence of power.
Black Panther 3
Posted on February 23, 2018 by Royal Rosamond Press
Above are photos of me with Carlos Moore’s son, whose mother is the half-sister of my first girlfriend, Marilyn, who is holding a black doll Carlos was a good friend of Fela Kuti who was seen by the Black Panthers as a African archetype. My friend Bryan McLean played in the band Love, with Arthur Lee, who inspired Jimmy Hendrix. Travis Scott says Fela’s music influenced the waterfall scene. Carlos sold the rights of his book to a producer who went off Broadway with it.
The top photo was taken in Springfield Oregon. When I turned there was a black man standing there watching me. I thought about speaking, but, his look said;
“We all got our stories. Life, is a movie.”
Jon
Fela was born Fela Ransome Kuti in Nigeria in 1938; he dropped his given middle name because of its colonial associations. His parents sent him to London for a medical education, but he chose music instead, studying piano, composition and theory at Trinity College of Music.
Fela became an activist after bringing his band to the U.S. in 1969; he met Angela Davis and The Last Poets and learned about Malcom X and other black nationalists.
Early life and education[edit]
Newton was born in Monroe, Louisiana. He was the youngest of seven children of Armelia Johnson and Walter Newton, a sharecropper and Baptist lay preacher. His parents named him after former Governor of Louisiana Huey Long. In 1945, the family migrated to Oakland, California, as part of the second wave of the Great Migration of African Americans out of the South to the Northeast, Midwest and West.[3] The Newton family was close-knit, but quite poor, and often relocated throughout the San Francisco Bay Area during Newton’s childhood. Despite this, Newton said he never went without food and shelter as a child. As a teenager, he was arrested several times for criminal offenses, including gun possession and vandalism at age 14.[4] Growing up in Oakland, Newton stated that he was “made to feel ashamed of being black.”[3] In his autobiography, Revolutionary Suicide, he wrote,
During those long years in Oakland public schools, I did not have one teacher who taught me anything relevant to my own life or experience. Not one instructor ever awoke in me a desire to learn more or to question or to explore the worlds of literature, science, and history. All they did was try to rob me of the sense of my own uniqueness and worth, and in the process nearly killed my urge to inquire.
Newton graduated from Oakland Technical High School in 1959 without being able to read, although he later taught himself; The Republic by Plato was the first book he read.[5] Newton also attended Merritt College, where he earned an Associate of Arts degree in 1966. He then attended San Francisco Law School, and the University of California at Santa Cruz, where he earned a bachelor’s degree and, in 1980, a Ph.D.[6] After Newton taught himself to read, he started questioning everything. In his autobiography, Revolutionary Suicide, he states: “Most of all, I questioned what was happening in my own family and in the community around me.”[7] This was the start of his involvement in the civil rights movement.
Founding of the Black Panther Party[edit]
Main article: Black Panther Party
As a student at Merritt College in Oakland, Newton became involved in politics in the Bay Area. He joined the Afro-American Association (AAA), became a prominent member of Phi Beta Sigma fraternity, Beta Tau chapter; and played a role in getting the first African-American history course adopted as part of the college’s curriculum. He read the works of Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Frantz Fanon, Malcolm X, Mao Zedong, Émile Durkheim, and Che Guevara. During his time at Merritt College, he met Bobby Seale, and the two organized the Black Panther Party for Self Defense in October 1966.[3] Based on a casual conversation, Seale became Chairman and Newton became Minister of Defense.[8] Newton learned about black history from Donald Warden (who later would change his name to Khalid Abdullah Tariq Al-Mansour), the leader of the party, but later decided that he offered solutions that didn’t work. In his autobiography, Newton says, “The mass media, the oppressors, give him public exposure for only one reason: he will lead the people away from the truth of their situation.”[9]
The Black Panther Party was an African-American left-wing organization working for the right of self-defense for African Americans in the United States. Many of the Black Panther Party’s beliefs were greatly influenced by Malcolm X: “Therefore, the words on this page cannot convey the effect that Malcolm has had on the Black Panther Party, although, as far as I am concerned, the testament to his life work.”[10] The Party achieved national and international renown through their deep involvement in the Black Power movement and the politics of the 1960s and 1970s.[11] The Party’s political goals, including better housing, jobs, and education for African Americans, were documented in their Ten-Point Program, a set of guidelines to the Black Panther Party’s ideals and ways of operation. The group believed that violence—or the threat of it—might be needed to bring about social change. They sometimes made news with a show of force, as they did when they entered the California Legislature fully armed in order to protest a gun bill.[12]
Newton adopted what he termed “revolutionary humanism“.[13] Although he had earlier visited Nation of Islam mosques, he wrote that “I have had enough of religion and could not bring myself to adopt another one. I needed a more concrete understanding of social conditions. References to God or Allah did not satisfy my stubborn thirst for answers.”[14] Later, however, he stated that “As far as I am concerned, when all of the questions are not answered, when the extraordinary is not explained, when the unknown is not known, then there is room for God because the unexplained and the unknown is God.”[15] Newton later decided to join the Church[clarification needed] after the party disbanded during his marriage to Fredrika.[16]
Newton would frequent pool halls, campuses, bars and other locations deep in the black community where people gathered in order to organize and recruit for the Panthers. While recruiting, Newton sought to educate those around him about the legality of self-defense. One of the reasons, he argued, why black people continued to be persecuted was their lack of knowledge of the social institutions that could be made to work in their favor. In Newton’s autobiography Revolutionary Suicide, he writes, “Before I took Criminal Evidence in school, I had no idea what my rights were.” Newton also wrote in his autobiography, “I tried to transform many of the so-called criminal activities going on in the street into something political, although this had to be done gradually.” He attempted to channel these “daily activities for survival” into significant community actions. Eventually, the illicit activities of a few members would be superimposed on the social program work performed by the Panthers, and this mischaracterization would lose them support in both the white and black communities.[17][18]
Newton and the Panthers started a number of social programs in Oakland, including founding the Oakland Community School, which provided high-level education to 150 children from impoverished urban neighborhoods. Other Panther programs included the Free Breakfast for Children Program and others that offered dances for teenagers and training in martial arts. According to Oakland County Supervisor John George: “Huey could take street-gang types and give them a social consciousness.”[19]
Black Panther 2
Posted on February 22, 2018 by Royal Rosamond Press
In 1986 I lived near Shattuck and 47th. Street in Oakland California. No white man, or white woman, lived here. Hmm! Hamm! No way! When you drove by, there was a gang hanging around the store on the corner, that is no longer there. After the fire-bombing of their car by a rival gang, they told me I was safe, because I was a member of the hood, and, under their protection. Can you dig it!
An article below claims ‘The Revolution Will Not Be Televised’ was the Black Panther theme song. I doubt it. This is Oakland’s theme song – in my mind! This is what I’m talking about! This is what really goes down in Wakanda after the Wakandans smuggle in another boatload of really cool White Folk! Get down!
Wakanda was invisible. But there were some, who had the eyes to see, and ears to hear.
Most black people I have had conversations with, are Social Scientists. I am a SS. I am a poet and writer. I study how we relate to one another. Huey Newton was a SS. Folks are asking about the song in the Black Panther trailer. Here’s the skinny on this;
“It’s an iconic piece that became a slogan for the real-life Black Panther movement in America during the ’70s, a spoken-word poem that essentially calls for an awakening of social consciousness in African-Americans, and a turning away from the mind-numbing elements of popular-culture such as TV.
This is an ironic choice of song and reference, considering that Marvel Comics once shied away from even using the name “Black Panther” for the character during 1972, to avoid confusion with the political group. However, Black Panther has gone on to represent a lot of struggles of race and injustice, from “Panther vs. the Klan” in the mid-’70s, to the modern comic series by acclaimed African-American author Ta-Nehisi Coates.”
In 1971, I lived in Roxbury with three hippies. Our black roommate was having a bad acid trip. I helped him. As the sun rose, we sat on the front steps. Showing someone that’s on a bad trip, the sun will always rise on a new day, is a huge help. Overlooking the square, David recited Scott-Haron’s anthem from memory. He did not falter or leave out a word. I was impressed, and deeply moved.
I do not speak for black people. I offer my view thru the sleeve of a white man, as Wiley put it. “No man is a island.” Wakanda is an isolated land island. I went there with a ticket. This movie did not say FOR BLACKS ONLY.
You may want to read this instead of reading what a white man has to say.
https://www.refinery29.com/2018/02/191093/black-panther-ending-women-wakanda-feminist-message
INTERJECTION: I blog in the morning and then look at the news. I found these stories.
https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/22/us/billy-graham-mlk-civil-rights/index.html
https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/22/africa/lupita-nyongo-trevor-noah-born-a-crime/index.html
Lagos, Nigeria (CNN)Oscar-winning actor Lupita Nyong’o will star in a movie adaptation of “Born A Crime,” the bestselling autobiography by TV host and comedian Trevor Noah.
Nyong’o announced the upcoming role on social media on Wednesday.
I had two black girlfriends. Venus was a beautiful Oakland prostitute. We never fornicated. We made popcorn, watched T.V. and made-out. We kissed a lot. I was her boyfriend. I lived in a converted water tower. I was under the protection of a black gang that was selling crack. I knew them six years earlier when they were children. I came into the hood off Shattuck to fix up a friends apartments. I befriended them. I paid them for work. I gave them cereal on Saturday, and we watched cartoons. I was a status symbol.
an object, habit, etc., by which the social or economic status of the possessor may be judged.
I gave them insights and inroads as to how white people got things. I had them mudding and taping when they were twelve. Their parents just opened the door and let them out. They never bothered to come see what we were doing. It was a good scene. They had money in their pocket and food in their stomachs. We made hotdogs.
When they saw me hanging out with Venus, they put in good word. I was a good man and could be trusted. I belonged!
Social science is a major category of academic disciplines, concerned with society and the relationships among individuals within a society. It in turn has many branches, each of which is considered a social science. The social sciences include, but are not limited to: anthropology, archaeology, demography, economics, history, human geography, jurisprudence, linguistics, management, political science, culture , psychology, and sociology. The term is also sometimes used to refer specifically to the field of sociology, the original ‘science of society’, established in the 19th century. A more detailed list of sub-disciplines within the social sciences can be found at Outline of social science.
Back to the movie I walked out of. Here’s the real reason. The Black Evil One shoots another black man while he is lying on the ground, with a white-man’s gun. This is no way to establish any villain. I knew what was coming next a cinematic lesson on why black men should stop shooting other black men, and take their exalted place in Black Socity. Ho-hum! This is bad social science. White men don’t shoot other white men lying on the ground. Some white men shoot helpless white children lying on the ground begging for mercy. So far, there is no solition for that.
I just learned the school had a armed guard – who did nothing!
Back to the dancing
I can describe the event that started the revolution. My friend Bob Pratt called me about 9:00 A.M. on Sunday. He told me the record store by Lake Meritt, was wide open. Everyone was going in and grabbing records. I went down to get me some. I passed a young black teenager with his arms full.
“Hey, man! If you want some free records……”
“Yeah. I heard. Thanks!”
I wanted just one record, and I grabbed it! No matter where you lived in Oakland, you knew everyone like music. Bob and I used to stay up late listening to KDIA.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo_Diddley_(1958_album)
I thought I was going to die and go to hell before I learned where Bo’s dancers got their -fanning the pussy move. You see it when the Tough Girl Chorus come down 42 Street. Bo had to have seen this movie. He orchestrates the moves of his singers, one who plays a guitar. Check out Peggy Jones history. She grew up in the Apple.
When we enter Wakanda, we see a gleaming modern city. Why aren’t we taken into the coolest Black Bar on earth – and perhaps the galaxy? Where’s our leisurely stroll down Bohemia Boulevard where the Black Artists live, and on to the Red Light Row. If you’re an advanced nation, you don’t have sexual hang-ups, and old time religion. You have overcome the Shame-base – dirge! The way foreword is not to go into the past. I’m sorry. I got a beef with the Happy Clappy-Hand People, those choirs that claim they came out of Africa. Black Panther was not made for Africans – who got no money to buy a ticket! Bo’s women are – tough! I would have been happy to marry one of them.
And, I solved another mystery. What the hell is Little Richard saying in ‘Lucille’. Well, he’s saying…..”If you don’t do it, your sister will”….but they had to alter the words.
42 Street was not only the Height Ashbury of America, but the world. This is the big breakout from Puritanism and the Baptist Bible Belt. It looks like Wakanda missed the boat, and didn’t get on the ‘Soul Train’. Why? This movie has nothing on ‘Westside Story’. The Wakandians………..are expatriots!
Jon
To be continued
TOUGH
adj. excellent, first-rate;
used as a positive description of someone or something;
synonyms include cool, hot, tight, bitchin’, sweet, awesome, pissa, hip, rad etc.
Yo, that’s mad tough, yo!
Your car looks friggin’ tough.
Tough, yo, I’m down.
.
Peggy Jones or Peggy Malone (married name) (July 19, 1940 – September 16, 2015), known on stage as Lady Bo in recognition of her relationship with Bo Diddley, was an American musician. A pioneer of rock and roll, Jones played rhythm guitar in Bo Diddley’s band in the late 1950s and early 1960s, becoming one of the first (perhaps the first) female rock guitarists in a highly visible rock band, and was sometimes called the Queen Mother of Guitar.[1][2]
Born in Harlem, New York City, in 1940, Jones grew up in the Sugar Hill section,[3] and attended the High School of Performing Arts where she studied tap and ballet dance and trained in opera. Even from a very young age, she found herself completely consumed with music; purchasing her first guitar at the age of 15. She was briefly in a local doo-wop group, the Bop Chords, which disbanded in 1957.[4] A chance meeting with Bo Diddley, who was impressed to see a girl with a guitar case, led to an invitation to join Diddley’s band as a guitarist and singer. She recorded with him from 1957 to 1961[2] or 1963,[5] appearing on singles including “Hey! Bo Diddley“, “Road Runner“, “Bo Diddley’s A Gunslinger”, and the instrumental “Aztec” which she wrote and played all the guitar parts on.[1][2][5] However, throughout her career, Peggy Jones always strived to be an independent artist and was involved in an R&B band known as the Jewels, among other various names.[6]
Oakland Jonny Got Sober
Posted on September 26, 2011by Royal Rosamond Press
It is alleged one does not quit drinking until you hit bottom. Growing up in Oakland, bottom can be a long and dangerous trip, down.In 1987 I fouud myself living in a converted water tower in back of a very old Victorian house on 47th. and Shattuck in Oakland. I had lived here six years prior after a teacher at City Cottage bought the place for next to nothing. I was susposed to be the manager, help this Yuppie keep all the riff-raff at bay, but, he rented another back appartment to two young girls who the local gang were pimping out. In otherwords, I was managing a whorehouse for dangerous young dealers – whom I knew since they were twelve. I had befreinded all of them, and they liked me, remembered me fondly!
One day I emerge from Fort Appache to see a burned out car across the street, I asked my young buddy, the fearless leader, what happened.
“We had a drive by. They torched our car and shot at us!”
Shaking my head, I said;
“You guys are really blowing it.”
“Don’t worry. We’ll protect you.Your part of the hood.”
That was the first time I heard the expression “the hood”. And, right on cue, a few days later, my crazy friend Lester comes to the hood for a visit. We had lived at the University Hotel, and done some serious damage.
“What in the hell are you doing dressed like that?” I asked Lester the Molester.
“What do you mean?” he replied while opening my refrigierator.
“You’re dressed just like a Narco Agent. It’s like you jumped out of your squad car, ran into a telephone booth, and emrerged like this! Look at you. You even got hard shoes on. You’re going to get me killed!”
“Hey, you’re out of beer! What gives? There’s a liquor store down the street. Let’s go!”
I protested, but Lester is extremely compulsive.
Now, walking down the street, this monkey in a Hawaian shirt is turning heads, getting the funniest looks from everyone we meet. Now my buds are staring hard at me. I could read their minds.
“What gives, Oakland Johnny? Why are you bringing the heat down on us? We tusted you. You’re part of the hood.”
Twice in my life someone has pointed a gun to the back of my head, and pulled the trigger, several times, but each time the gun had jammed. Alas, I had found the sure way to put an end to my miserable existance.
On the corner of 47th. And Shattuck was a liquor store where my gang hangs. About six of gthem were there at the entrance when Lester and I walked in. There were no hardy hellos or high fives. There was a cold silence.
Lester and I were into Cobra malt beer, because it was twice the alcohol content. We bought two tall six packs. Coming out of the store, Lester, asks,
“Who wants a beer?”
There was grumbling amongst the gang. There were no takers. Lester thrusts a tall one at a beautiful young girl, who hesitates, then goes for it, because…..
“Today’s my birthday! I’ll take one.”
Her boyfriend, reluctantly takes one after looking at his bros, and opens it.
“That’s not the way to open a Cobra beer!” Lester shouts. And taking one out of the bag, he bites down hard on it, then holds it out as the beer comes squirtung out of the two punture wounds he made with his canine teeth.
“That’s how you open a Cobra beer!” And Lester is sucking the beer out of the can like a Vampire as the gang cracks up. Now, we all want one, and there are big smiles to be shared, and cool talk, because Lester broke the ice, And we weren’t going to die that day, because, we had not reached bottom yet. Instead, we sang Happy Birthday in front of the store that is now Pyung chang’s Tofu House.
My bottom came a week later, while I was in the yard, raking up the needles used to inject drugs into these – children. I was going to plant a vegetable garden right in the middle of Fort Appache as a means to turn the tide of negativty. As I spaded over the hard earth, I had a vision of how my life was going to end. No, I would not get killed, However, on way my home from the bar at 2:00 A.M. someone is going to creep up behind me and hit me with a blunt insturment, and take what’s left of my money. I will suffer iriversible brain damage and become a stumble bum, the very dude I have seen in the Proudce Markety when young. I will be the Fool in the Hood, who can not speak anymore, nor, even think. But, my gang will take care of me until the day they die, which would not be too long into the furture.
I started calling old friends from high in my ivory tower. I called Michael Dundon, and gave him a good cursing out, because he too had betrayed me, left me for dead. He quielty listened, waited till I was finished, then said;
“Do you want to get sober?”
“Yes!”
“Then get on a train, come up to Eugene Oregon, and get in the New Hope program.”
“New Hope?”
The rest is history! Thanks the Blue River Dundons, I entered an out program at Serenity Lane, and got sober. The first thing I wanted to do as a Sober Man was build a raft and sail it around Round Lake. Doing this was a world away from hauling sacks of spuds for Captain Victim, who did not believe in playing with his sons.
The child plays
The toy boat sails across the pond
The work has just begun
Oh child
Look what you have done
Jon Presco
Copyright 2011
Lucille, you won’t do your sister’s will?
Oh, Lucille, you won’t do your sister’s will?
You ran off and married, but I love you still
Lucille, please, come back where you belong
Lucille, please, come back where you belong
I been good to you, baby, please, don’t leave me alone
[Chorus]
I woke up this morning, Lucille was not in sight
I asked my friends about her but all their lips were tight
Lucille, please, come back where you belong
I been good to you, baby, please, don’t leave me alone, (whoaa)
[Instrumental break]
[Chorus]
I woke up this morning, Lucille was not in sight
I asked my friends about her but all their lips were tight
Lucille, please, come back where you belong
I been good to you, baby, please, don’t leave me alone
[Outro]
Lucille, baby, satisfy my heart
Lucille, baby, satisfy my heart
I played for it, baby, and gave you such a wonderful start
Black Panther Party Gallery and Museum
Posted on September 2, 2020 by Royal Rosamond Press
This morning I discovered Frank Coakley prosecuted the Black Mutineers at Port Chicago when he was Judge Advocate Commander for the Navy. He would later prosecute Black Panthers – and Mario Savio! I and my family were very good friends with his daughter, Kay Coakley. Kay wanted to adopt my youngest sister. This goes with my discovery that Richard Rosenberg was a founder of Naval societies and interests. I am going to contact him about The Marin Shipmates. I would like him and the Marin-Buck Foundation to fund this museum and gallery.
I discovered this museum after posting.
https://www.oaklandlibrary.org/locations/african-american-museum-library-oakland
The radical dynamics created back in the seventies is back for an encore, and is having a great affect on our American society and culture – and thus the World’s. I am sure more black radical art is being rendered as I type. I would like to see a college dedicated to this art. The Oakland Museum had a show on Black Power. This history can no longer be marginalized. It can be shown that Coakley launched a crusade against black people. The paranoia the Newton’s experienced was very deserved.
Kamala Harris was a District Attorney of Oakland before she went to San Francisco. If she is elected Vice President, then there will be a great interest n Oakland Culture and political history. Trump is going – The Law and Order approach to being elected. Black Lives Matter, and rioting in several cities, may bring about the defeat of Biden and Harris. This too will deserve a study. Art and Literature has always played a huge role in how we record history. The BPMG will gather all pertinent images so they can be viewed on-line, or at the BP Gallery that will have a home in Marin County.
I am investigating who owns the Black Panther trademark. Any information will be appreciated. It looks like Fredricka Newton does.
Whenever Kay Coakley needed to go to the store, she called her father and he sent a squad car. Kay was the old crone up the street who had a bad car accident when she was young. Her father was the District Attorney. We were impressed.
John Presco
President: Royal Rosamond Press
The Alameda County District Attorney’s Office was formed in 1853 with the appointment of its first District Attorney, William H. Combs. For many years, most of Alameda County’s District Attorneys came to the position from private practice and, after relatively short periods in the office, became judges or returned to private practice.
In the modern era, the best-known DA was Earl Warren who joined the office in 1920 as a deputy district attorney and was appointed DA in 1925. In 1939, he was elected Attorney General of California, and in 1946 he was elected Governor. Warren served as governor until 1953 when President Dwight Eisenhower appointed him Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. As Chief Justice, Earl Warren is probably best remembered as the author of the landmark case of Miranda v. Arizona.
Warren’s successor as DA was his Chief Assistant, Ralph E. Hoyt. Hoyt was DA until 1947 when he was appointed to the Superior Court by Governor Warren. Hoyt was succeeded as DA by J. Frank Coakley who served as District Attorney until 1969.
As DA, Coakley returned to the trial courts in 1955 to prosecute Burton Abbott in one of the most highly-publicized cases in the history of California. Abbott was charged with abducting and murdering 14-year old Stephanie Bryan as she was walking home from school in Berkeley. Abbott was convicted and sentenced to death. He was executed in San Quentin’s gas chamber in 1957. For Coakley and the DA’s Office, the 1960’s were a particularly difficult time because of civil unrest and criminal acts associated with the free speech movement, Vietnam War demonstrations, and the emergence of the Black Panther Party in Oakland.
In this interview Robert Treuhaft, local attorney and ally to The Flatlands, gives an update on the latest developments in the case of Luther Smith. Police had executed a no-knock warrant against Smith and, in a case of mistaken identity, had severely beaten him and traumatized his family. Smith had enlisted Treuhaft and fellow Flatlands ally John George to fight back in the legal arena.
On the day of interview, Treuhaft and George had filed charges on behalf of all seven members of the Smith family, as a preliminary measure on the way to seeking damages from the Oakland Police Department, the City of Oakland, and the 30 police officers involved in the raid.
http://www.itsabouttimebpp.com/BPP_Newspapers/pdf/Vol_II_No1_1968.pdf
Click to access the.story.of.the.black.panther.party.pdf
https://trademarks.justia.com/853/12/the-black-panther-85312748.html
Prosecution
On September 14, 1944 the trial opened. Coakley argued that a strike was mutinous in time of war. He dismissed the defendants’ claims, stating, “What kind of discipline, what kind of morale would we have if men in the United States Navy could refuse to obey an order and then get off on the grounds of fear?”
The questioning of the defendants was loaded with racial language, and the prosecutors often disparaged the men’s honesty, especially when their spoken statements contradicted their earlier statements—although the men had complained from the beginning that the transcriptions were inaccurate. One defendant had refused to load ammunition because he’d broken his wrist the day before the work stoppage and was wearing a cast. Coakley replied that “there were plenty of things a one-armed man could do on the ammunition dock.”
http://www.sarahsundin.com/port-chicago-the-mutiny-trial-2/
“Rear Admiral Carlton H. Wright later added: “I am gratified to learn that, as was expected, Negro personnel performed bravely and efficiently in the emergency.”
“Jim Crow, abuse and ill-treatment. Long hours of work, little recreation, arrogant officers, and constant danger have put most of the Negro sailors here on edge.”
“Earlier, defense attorney Veltmann had shot holes into the conspiracy case built up by Judge Advocate Lt. Commander Frank Coakley.”
“Boyer said he had never heard his division officer give the men an order to load ammunition. “The cooperation of my men was always wonderful, their discipline excellent,” he said.”
“…certainly the men, involved, deserve not public condemnation, but, rather, public sympathy.”
https://www.nps.gov/poch/learn/photosmultimedia/into-forgetfulness-transcript.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Chicago_disaster
Uncover the history of the Black Power movements in California with a compelling addition to the Gallery of California History. In response to the widely-popular 2016 exhibition All Power to the People: Black Panthers at 50, this new installation will illustrate the creative ways black anti-racist activists in California supported their communities and challenged the U.S. government. Focusing on the example of the Black Panther Party, Black Power will bring to light the tensions between a culturally and socially progressive California and examples of economic racism and oppression in the state. This moment in California history will be represented through historic photographs, provocative objects, iconic posters, paintings and interactive prompts that encourage visitors to take action out in the world. Learn more about the Bay Area role in this national story, and the impacts this history continues to have today.
Black Power is supported in part by the Oakland Museum Women’s Board.
https://museumca.org/projects/black-power
Rosamond Press 
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