Carl Augusta Janke was a Forty-Eighter, he coming to San Francisco in 1848. Many Forty-Eighters in Chile, left for this city to take part in the Gold Rush of 1849.
Above in the Wihelm family of Chile who look like my kinfolk.
Jon Presco
Forty-EightersFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Forty-Eighters were Europeans who participated in or supported the revolutions of 1848that swept Europe. In Germany, the Forty-Eighters favored unification of the German people, a more democratic government, and guarantees of human rights.[1
]Disappointed at the failure of the revolution to bring about the reform of the system of government in Germany or the Austrian Empireand sometimes on the government’s wanted list because of their involvement in the revolution, they gave up their old lives to try again abroad. Many emigrated to the United States, Canada, and Australiaafter the revolutions failed. They included Germans, Czechs, Hungarians, and others. Many were respected, wealthy, and well-educated; as such, they were not typical migrants. A large number went on to be very successful in their new countries.
Contents [hide]
1 Forty-Eighters in the USA
1.1 Notable German Forty-Eighters in the US
1.2 Notable Czech Forty-Eighters in the US
1.3 Notable Hungarian Forty-Eighters in the US
1.4 Notable Irish Forty-Eighters in the US
2 Forty-Eighters in England
2.1 Heligoland
3 Forty-Eighters in Holland
4 Forty-Eighters in France
5 Forty-Eighters in Switzerland
6 Forty-Eighters in Australia
6.1 Famous Australian Forty-Eighters
7 Peripatetic Forty-Eighters
8 See also
9 References
10 Bibliography
[edit] Forty-Eighters in the USAIn the United States, many Forty-Eighters opposed nativism and slavery, in keeping with the liberal ideals that had led them to flee Germany. Several thousand enlisted in the Union Army, where they became prominent in the Civil War. In the Camp Jackson Affair, a large force of German volunteers helped prevent Confederate forces from seizing the government arsenal in St. Louisjust prior to the beginning of the war.[2]
Many Forty-Eighters settled in the Texas Hill Countryin the vicinity of Fredericksburg, and voted heavily against Texas’s secession. In the Bellvillearea of Austin County, another destination for Forty-Eighters, the Germanprecincts voted decisively against the secession ordinance.[3]
More than 30,000 Forty-Eighters settled in the Over-the-Rhineneighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio. There they helped define the distinct German culture of the neighborhood, but in some cases also brought a rebellious nature with them from Germany. During violent protests in 1853 and 1854, Forty-Eighters were held responsible for the killing of two law enforcement officers.[4]In the Cincinnati Riot of 1853, in which one demonstrator was killed, Forty-Eighters violently protested the visit of the papal emissary Cardinal Gaetano Bedini, who had repressed revolutionaries in the Papal States in 1849.[5]
Many German Forty-Eighters settled in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, helping solidify that city’s progressive political bent and cultural Deutschtum. The Acht-und-vierzigersand their descendants contributed to the development of that city’s long Socialist political tradition.[6]
After the Civil War, Forty-Eighters supported improved labor laws and working conditions. They also advanced the country’s cultural and intellectual development in such fields as education, the arts, medicine, journalism, and business.
[edit] Notable German Forty-Eighters in the USArchitects, Engineers: Louis Burger,[7] Adolf Cluss, Henry Flad
Artists: Friedrich Girsch;[8] Wilhelm Heine; Louis Prang; Adelbert John Volck; Theodore Kaufman
Businessmen, investment bankers: Solomon Loeb, Abraham Kuhnfounders of Kuhn, Loeb & Co.
Generalsin the American Civil War: Louis Blenker; Alexander Schimmelpfennig; Carl Schurz; Franz Sigel; Max Weber; August Willich; Frederick C. Salomon
Journalists, writers, publishers: Mathilde Franziska Anneke; Gustav Bloede (see Marie Bloede); Rudolf Doehn; Carl Adolph Douai; Carl Daenzer; Bernard Domschke; Christian Esselen(editor of Atlantis); Julius Fröbel; Karl Peter Heinzen; Rudolf Lexow(founder of Belletristisches Journal); Niclas Müller; Reinhold Solger;[9] Emil Praetorius; Oswald Ottendorfer; Friedrich Hassaurek;[10] Theodor Olshausen; Hermann Raster; Wilhelm Rapp;[11] Carl Heinrich Schnauffer;[12]Kaspar Beetz; Carl Dilthey; F. Raine; Heinrich Börnstein; Charles L. Bernays; Emil Rothe; Eduard Leyh;[13] George Schneider(who was also a banker); Albert Sigel[14]; Franz Umbscheiden; Edward Morwitz(who was also a physician)
Musicians: Carl Zerrahn; Carl Bergmann; Otto Dresel; Herman Trost(band leader in Sherman’s army who later settled in Lexington, Kentucky, where he conducted the first band at the University of Kentucky; friend of John Philip Sousa)
Physicians: Abraham Jacobi; Herman Kiefer; Ernest Krackowizer;[15] Hans Kudlich; Wilhelm Loewe, Gustav C. E. Weber[16]
Poets: Konrad Krez;[17] Edmund Märklin; Rudolf Puchner
Political activists: Lorenz Brentano(later a member of the Congress); Friedrich Hecker; Carl Schurz(later US Secretary of the Interior); Gustav von Struve; Wilhelm Weitling; Joseph Weydemeyer; Rudolf Dulon; Edward Salomon; Louis F. Schade
Other: Margarethe Schurz(founder of the first kindergartenin the U.S.); Al Sieber(known as “Chief of the Scouts” in Arizona, who fought at Antietam, Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsvillewith Hecker, Schurz, and Sigel, and then in the Battle of Gettysburg); Joseph Spiegel(founder of the Spiegel Catalog); Hugo Wesendonck(founder of the Germania Life Insurance Company, now Guardian Life); Pauline Wunderlich(fought at the Dresden barricades); John Michael Maisch(father of adequate pharmaceutical legislation)
[edit] Notable Czech Forty-Eighters in the USProkup Hudek, one of the “Slavonic Artillerymen” of the 24th Illinois Infantry Regiment, and one of the co-founders of the Workingmen’s Party of Illinois[18]
František Korbel, winegrower in Sonoma County, California
Vojta Náprstek, Czech language publisher in Milwaukee
[edit] Notable Hungarian Forty-Eighters in the USAlexander Sandor Asboth
Charles Zagonyi
Julius Stahel
Albin Francisco Schoepf
Phineas Mendel Heilprin
Michael Heilprin
Edward R. Straznicky
Martin Koszta[19]
[edit] Notable Irish Forty-Eighters in the USThomas Francis Meagher[20]
John O’Mahony
Lola Montez(she fled from Bavariavia Switzerland, France and England)
[edit] Forty-Eighters in EnglandGiuseppe Mazziniused Londonas a place of refuge before and after the revolutions of 1848. In the early years after the failure of the revolutions of 1848, a group of German Forty-Eighters and others met in a salonorganized by Baroness Méry von Bruiningk in St. John’s Wood, England.[21]The baroness was a Russian of German descent who was sympathetic with the goals of the revolutionaries. Among the people who attended her salon, hosted by herself and her husband Ludolf August von Bruiningk, were Carl Schurz, Gottfried and Johanna Kinkel, Ferdinand Freiligrath, Alexander Herzen, Louis Blanc, Malwida von Meysenbug, Adolf Strodtmann, Johannesand Bertha Ronge, Alexander Schimmelfennig, Wilhelm Loewe-Kalbe and Heinrich Bernhard Oppenheim.[22]
Carl Schurz reports “A large number of refugees from almost all parts of the European continent had gathered in London since the year 1848, but the intercourse between the different national groups — Germans, Frenchmen, Italians, Hungarians, Poles, Russians — was confined more or less to the prominent personages. All, however, in common nourished the confident hope of a revolutionary upturning on the continent soon to come. Among the Germans there were only a few who shared this hope in a less degree. Perhaps the ablest and most important person among these was Lothar Bucher, a quiet, retiring man of great capacity and acquirements, who occupied himself with serious political studies.”[23]
Other Germans who fled to England for a time were Ludwig Bamberger,[24] Arnold Ruge, Alexandre Ledru-Rollin and Franz Sigel. Along with several of the above, Sabine Freitag also lists Gustav Adolf Techow, Eduard Meyen, Graf Oskar von Reichenbach, Josef Fickler and Amand Goegg.[25] Karl Blindbecame a writer in England.
Hungarian refugee Gustav Zerffibecame an English citizen and worked as a historian in London. Lajos Kossuth, a Hungarian revolutionary, toured England and then the United States, and then formed a government in exile in England.
[edit] HeligolandIn addition, the British possession of Heligolandwas a destination for refugees, for example Rudolf Dulon.
[edit] Forty-Eighters in HollandLudwig Bamberger was in Holland for a time,[24]as was Heinrich Bernhard Oppenheim.[26]
[edit] Forty-Eighters in FranceLudwig Bamberger settled in Parisand worked in a bank from 1852 until the amnesty of 1866 allowed him to return to Germany.[24]Carl Schurz was in France for a time before moving on to England.[27]He stayed there with Adolf Strodtmann.
[edit] Forty-Eighters in SwitzerlandThe following were all refugees from Germany:
Friedrich Beustsettled in Switzerlandto work in early-childhood education. He lived and worked there until his death in 1899.
Gottfried Kinkelmoved to Switzerland in 1866 after living in England. He was a professor of archaeology and the history of art at the Polytechnikum in Zürich, where he died sixteen years later.
Hermann Köchlyfirst fled to Brussels in 1849. In 1851, he was appointed professor of classical philology at the University of Zürich. By 1864, he was back in Germany as a professor at the University of Heidelberg.
Richard Wagner, the composer, first fled to Paris and then settled in Zurich. He eventually returned to Germany.
[edit] Forty-Eighters in AustraliaIn 1848, the first non-British ship carrying immigrants to arrive in Victoriawas from Germany; the Goddefroy, on February 13. Many of those on board were political refugees. Some Germans also travelled to Australia via London.
In April 1849 the Beulahwas the first ship to bring assisted German vinedresser families to NSW.[28]
The second ship, the Parland[29]left London on 13 March 1849, and arrived in Sydney on 5 July 1849[30]
The Princess Louiseleft Hamburg March 26 of 1849, in the spring, bound for South Australia via Rio de Janeiro. The voyage took 135 days which was considered slow but nevertheless the Princess Louiseberthed at Port Adelaide on August 7, 1849 with 161 emigres, including Johann Friedrich Mosel. Johann, born in 1827 in Berlin in the duchy of Brandenburg had taken three weeks to travel from his home to the departure point of the 350 tonne vessel at Hamburg. This voyage had been well planned by two of the founding passengers, brothers Richard and Otto Schomburgk who had been implicated in the revolution. Otto had been jailed in 1847 for his activities as a student revolutionary. The brothers along with others including Frau von Kreussler and D. Meucke formed a migration group, the South Australian Colonisation Society, one of many similar groups forming throughout Germany at the time. Sponsored by the scientist geologist Leopold von Buch, the society chartered the Princess Louiseto sail to South Australia. The passengers were mainly middle-class professionals, academics, musicians, artists, architects, engineers, artisans and apprentices, and were among the core of liberal radicals, disillusioned with events in Germany.
Many Germans became vintnersor worked in the wine industry; others founded Lutheran churches. By 1860, for example, about 70 German families lived in Germantown, Victoria. (When World War I broke out, the town was renamed Grovedale.) In Adelaide, a German Club was founded in 1854 which played a major role in society.
[edit] Famous Australian Forty-EightersCarl Linger, the conductor and composer who wrote “Song of Australia”
Dr Moritz Richard Schomburgk, later director of the Adelaide Botanical Gardens
Hermann Büring, in the wine industry
Friedrich Krichauff, Chairman of the Agricultural Bureau
[edit] Peripatetic Forty-EightersFerenc Pulszky, a Hungarian politician, who joined Kossuth on his tour of the United States and England, became involved in Italian revolutionary activities and was imprisoned, and then was pardoned and returned home in 1866
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