“Religious liberty is under attack in many places because it is dangerous to those who want to hold complete power,” Alito said. “It also probably grows out of something dark and deep in the human DNA – a tendency to distrust and dislike people who are not like ourselves,” he added.
“under attack in many places” What does this devout Catholic Italian mean? Is he talking about geographic locations, or, sacred places as once owned by Native American, they like most people’s of the world, staking out earthly domains for their deities to dwell – in peace and harmony! The Destructive end of this Religious Harmony came when Christopher Columbus landed in the New World. Could this Italian – whose mother is name Rose – be talking about Moral Domains of The Mind, Body, Soul, Holy Spirit, Virgin Birth ect.?
Alito’s Representative of Jesus ON EARTH, Pope Francis, was given a Native American headdress after he apologized for his church – WANTING TO CONTROL THE WHOLE WORLD! Sickening! Was any STOLEN LAND – returned? I am looking for a good attorney to sue Alito, the Supreme Court, and Pope Francis for the return of the Louisiana Purchase to Native Americans in North and South America. I will debate Alito on the History Channel about the expulsion of the Jews from Spain, and Italy’s role in the Holocaust – and the LOOTING of the Temple in Jerusalem by Italians after defeating Queen Helena and her Warrior Sons – who might have been Nazarites – too. I will reveal JESUS THE ORTHODOX NATIONALIST.
The Sephardic Jews have been offered dual-citizenship by Spain. I will show the struggle they had after being made ORPHINS IN THE WORLD!
How about returning the Mississippi River to Native Americans by giving Tribes – WATER RIGHTS? I will Baptize the Rightful Owners if the most sought after water – IN THE WEST!
John Presco ‘Nazarite Judge’
Christopher Columbus — the hidden Jew? | The Times of Israel
Alito was born in Trenton, New Jersey, the son of Samuel A. Alito Sr., an Italian immigrant, and Rose Fradusco, an Italian-American.[5][6] His grandparents came from Roccella Ionica, Calabria and Palazzo San Gervasio, Basilicata, in southern Italy
Alito And The Catholics – CBS News
Photo credit: Wikipedia
Portrait of a man thought to be Christopher Columbus by Sebastiano del Piombo, 1519.(public domain)
Two fleets set sail from Spain’s Port of Palos on August 3, 1492, floating together down the Rio Tinto. On one vessel was the final batch of expelled Jews, who, rather than repudiate their faith and become conversos (Christian converts) in the face of death if they remained in their home country, set out for an unknown fate in a new world. Leading the other ships, named the Pinta, Niña, and Santa María, was a little known explorer named Christopher Columbus.
![Italian-occupied areas, 1942 [LCID: ita71020]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/d68b37a4-181f-47b4-8082-01fc7795c299.gif)
Despite its alliance with Germany, the Fascist regime responded equivocally to German demands first to concentrate and then to deport Jews residing in Italian occupation zones in Yugoslavia, Greece, and France to killing centers in the German-occupied Poland. Italian military authorities generally refused to participate in mass murder of Jews or to permit deportations from Italy or Italian-occupied territory; and the Fascist leadership was both unable and unwilling to force the issue.
The Sons of the Nazarite Queen War With Rome
Posted on October 1, 2012 by Royal Rosamond Press
“Simon held the upper city, and the great walls as far as Cedron, and as much of the old wall as bent from Siloam to the east, and which went down to the palace of Monobazus, who was king of the Adiabeni, beyond Euphrates; he also held the fountain, and the Acra, which was no other than the lower city; he also held all that reached to the palace of queen Helena, the mother of Monobazus; but John held the temple, and the parts thereto adjoining, for a great way, as also Ophla, and the valley called “Valley of Cedron;”
At The Feet Of The Saviour, Slaughter Of The Jews In The Middle Ages, 1887 Oil On Canvas is a photograph by Vicente Cutanda y Toraya which was uploaded on November 15th, 2014.
Here is.
“Religious liberty is under attack in many places because it is dangerous to those who want to hold complete power,” Alito said. “It also probably grows out of something dark and deep in the human DNA – a tendency to distrust and dislike people who are not like ourselves,” he added.
“I had the honor this term of writing I think the only Supreme Court decision in the history of that institution that has been lambasted by a whole string of foreign leaders,” Alito said, noting they felt “perfectly fine commenting on American law.”
“He paid the price,” Alito said to laughter and applause. He also criticized French President Emmanuel Macron and Justin Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada, for their comments criticizing the opinion.
Alito ended his talk in Rome with a reference to scripture. He said that “the champions of religious liberty, who ‘go out as wise as serpents and as harmless of doves’ can expect to find hearts that are open to their message.”
Returning to religious freedom, Alito said that a challenge is to “convince people that religious liberty is worth defending if they don’t think that religion is a good thing that deserves protection.”
He said that such an effort could entail a focus on how religion promotes “domestic tranquility.”
https://www.thefocus.news/culture/samuel-alito-religion/
Expulsion of Jews from Spain – Wikipedia
The Expulsion of Jews from Spain was the expulsion from Spain following the Alhambra Decree in 1492,[1] which was enacted in order to eliminate their influence on Spain’s large converso population and to ensure its members did not revert to Judaism, many Jews in Spain either converted or were expelled. Over half of Spain’s Jews had converted to Catholicism as a result of the religious persecution and pogroms in 1391.[2] Due to continuing attacks, around 50,000 more had converted by 1415.[3] Those who remained decided to convert to avoid expulsion. As a result of the Alhambra decree and the prior persecution, over 200,000 Jews converted to Catholicism and between 40,000 and 100,000 were expelled. An unknown number returned to Spain in the following years.[4][5] The resulting expulsion led to mass migration of Jews from Spain to Italy, Greece, Turkey and the Mediterranean Basin.[6] At the time, this can be seen in Jewish surnames beginning to show up in Italy and Greece. The surnames Faraggi, Farag and Farachi, for example, originate from the Spanish city of Fraga.[7]
The Puritans subscribed to what is called Judeo-centrism that considered the
prophecies of Ben Israel and the Sepharid Messiah, Sabbatai. Cromwell was a
Puiitan who let the Jews back into England at Ben Israel’s urging. However,
there was another motive, Cromwell wanted the backing of the Sephardic Jewish
bankers. He got it. These bankers produced large sums of money to put down the
Jacobites in 1748.
Ben Israel believed some North American Indians were of the Lost Tribes of
Israel. A week ago I discovered the Los Lunas Decalogue Stone. At first I
believed it was the work of a Sephardic Kabbalists that accompnaied Coronado,
but, this stone might be the work of Sephardic Jews from Brazil who were
searcing for the a lost tribe of Israel, and had folowed Ben Israel and
Sebbatai.
Samuel Alito mocks foreign critics of repealing Roe v. Wade in Rome speech on religious liberty
Justice Samuel Alito, appearing for the first time in public since penning the opinion that reversed Roe v. Wade, mocked foreign criticism of the decision during a speech he delivered in Rome.
Alito – sporting a new beard – gave the talk that was largely dedicated to protecting religious liberty last week, but it was only publicized on Thursday by Notre Dame Law School.
“Religious liberty is under attack in many places because it is dangerous to those who want to hold complete power,” Alito said. “It also probably grows out of something dark and deep in the human DNA – a tendency to distrust and dislike people who are not like ourselves,” he added.
His speech comes a month after the end of a blockbuster term where the court’s majority not only ended a federal right to abortion, but also ruled in favor of religious conservatives in two cases.
Alito delivered the keynote address for Notre Dame Law School’s Religious Liberty Initiative. The bulk of the speech was dedicated to broadly discussing how religious freedom has been challenged throughout history.
Alito did not discuss the leak of the abortion decision the wrote – Dobbs v. Jackson – last May, and only indirectly referenced the final version that he referred to as an opinion “whose name may not be spoken.”
He did so by expressing his disapproval of foreign leaders who had criticized the opinion.
“I had the honor this term of writing I think the only Supreme Court decision in the history of that institution that has been lambasted by a whole string of foreign leaders,” Alito said, noting they felt “perfectly fine commenting on American law.”
Related video: Roe v. Wade Ruling Will Create a ‘Legal Civil War’ Between the States: Attorney
have you on, albeit on a on a
He noted one of the critics was UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson, who has announced his plan to resign in early July, days after the opinion was issued.
“He paid the price,” Alito said to laughter and applause. He also criticized French President Emmanuel Macron and Justin Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada, for their comments criticizing the opinion.
Dripping with sarcasm, Alito told the audience that what really “wounded” him was when Prince Harry, the Duke of Sussex, “addressed the United Nations and seemed to compare ‘the decision whose name may not be spoken’ with the Russian attack on the Ukraine.”
Returning to religious freedom, Alito said that a challenge is to “convince people that religious liberty is worth defending if they don’t think that religion is a good thing that deserves protection.”
He said that such an effort could entail a focus on how religion promotes “domestic tranquility.”
“It provides a way for religiously diverse people to hold together and to flourish,” he said and noted that the “American experience illustrates that well.”
He also pointed to the enormous charitable work that is done by religious groups and people of faith.
In 2021, the court said that Philadelphia violated the First Amendment when it froze the contract of a Catholic foster agency that refused to work with same-sex couples as potential foster parents because the agency believes that marriage should be between a man and woman. Alito wrote separately to complain that the court hadn’t gone far enough in its opinion and should have made it much more difficult for the government to enforce laws that burden some individuals’ religious beliefs.
“The Court has emitted a wisp of a decision that leaves religious liberty in a confused and vulnerable state, “Alito wrote then.
In the term that just ended, however, the court ruled twice in favor of religious conservatives. In one case it sided with a public high school football coach who sought to pray at the 50-yard-line after games. In another it said that Maine cannot exclude religious schools from tuition assistance programs open to public and private schools.
Alito ended his talk in Rome with a reference to scripture. He said that “the champions of religious liberty, who ‘go out as wise as serpents and as harmless of doves’ can expect to find hearts that are open to their message.”
Expulsion of Jews from Spain – Wikipedia
Sapharidic Jews And House of Orange
Posted on May 18, 2018 by Royal Rosamond Press
Here is an article that is related to this post. Margarita de Castro e Souza is a close kin of Francis Salvador who fought the British in America’s War of Independence, as considered the Father of Reform Judaism.
Jon Presco
The historical significance of Markle’s entrance into the House of Windsor is clear, especially because as DeNeen L. Brown of the Washington Post pointed out earlier this week, it opens up the question: is Markle the first biracial woman to marry into the British royal family?
As Brown explains, the answer is complicated. In an interview with African diaspora historian Mario De Valdes y Cocom, the scholar tells Brown that her research points not to Markle but rather the late 18th-century royal Queen Sophia Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz as being England’s first biracial queen.
The commander of Fort Orange was Abraham Raven. He is a relative of Nassau
Thomas Senior and the Exarch Prince, Don Abraham Senior. The blazon of Diego
Teixeira Sampayo Senior depicts five eagles. I suspect this eagle is the source
of America’s Eagle, our National Ebblem and Ensign. I suspect the the red cross
in the Grand Flag is not the red cross of Saint George, but the red cross of the
Knights Templar. I suspect John Maurice Nassau was a Master Mason who introduced
the Templar rank. I suspect the first Freemasons were Sephardic stone masons who
came to build a new Zion in Brazil.
Evidence suggests she may have descended from black relatives within the Portuguese royal family, but it’s not conclusive.
As De Valdes y Cocom tells Brown of the Washington Post, evidence suggests that Queen Charlotte’s heritage stems from black relatives of the Portuguese royal family. Though Queen Charlotte was German, De Valdes y Cocom’s research shows the queen was directly descended from a branch of the Portuguese royal family, related to Margarita de Castro e Souza, a 15th-century Portuguese noblewoman nine generations removed.
Jews Land and House of Orange
Posted on April 20, 2012by Royal Rosamond Press
Yesterday I noticed that the Mendes da Costa family are kin to the de Rover (Roover) family who married into the Rosemont family, and were members of the Swan Brethren of which William of Orange belonged. William was made a loan by the famous banking family of Suossa in order to launch his invasion of England in what is called ‘The Glorious Revolution’ that evangelicals claim has come to America, and one day will establish a theocratic state vs. a democracy.For months I have been asking folks; “Did Jesus establish a democracy?” I got no answer! It looks like Jesus’ kindred helped found – THIS DEMOCRACY – along with my kinfolk! Evangelicals want it both ways! They want to rule a earthly and heavenly kingdom, but, can’t produce Divine Permission – or a Deed of Trust – like I can! One need only look at County Records to see who owns those sixty acres at Plantation Point. I wonder what bank holds the mortgage?
This Promised Land by Samuel Josefa de Mattos, looms large, for this promise was made to one who appears to be kin to Samuel, and, WE shed our blood fighting the British for this “Jew’s Land” in the American Revolution.
Above is the oldest surviving painting of four generations of the de Rover family being ushered by Saint George before ‘Our Sweet Lady’ who was venrated by the Swan Brethren. Who is she – really?
I have climed in many posts I am the true Swan Knight who descends from a Secret Linage. Today, that linage is found. There is a link between the Sephardic Jews and the Huguenots that is just being uncovered.
Jon Presco
Copyright 2012
1648 DIEGO TEIXEIRA (ABRAHAM SENIOR) (Portugal-Germany)
A former Spanish diplomat, he decided after moving to Hamburg to return to Judaism and had himself and his sons circumcised. Despite a vicious denunciation by the Viennese court, the Hamburg senate refused to confiscate his property and wealth. Teixeira founded the international banking house that became known as Teixeira de Mattos. In 1655 he was appointed by Sweden as its local diplomatic and financial minister. Teixeira was active in the Jewish community and helped build the new Sephardic synagogue in Hamburg.
The Roesmont-Roover Brotherhood and the Wedding at Cana
Ghisburtus van Roesmont was a Dutch nobleman of some importance. His mother was jonkvrouw Adriana Theodorici ROVER. the daughter of Dirk Edmondszn ROOVER. The Roover family appears to descend from one of the Radbot rulers of Holland who was given the name Roover, or Rover due to conquest of the Netherlands. The Roover family would build Montfoort castle one of the most prestigious castles in Holland. These two families were keen on forming a marriage alliance as Arnold Rover married Heilwigis Arnoldi Danielis ROESMONT. For this reason I suspect the Roesmont Wolf names came from Roelof the Roover R + Odilia van Montfoort. Perhaps the Roovers owned Wolfhouse where the Roesmonts came to live in 1450.
Ghisburtus was the master of Saint Janskerk, and a member of Lieve-Vrouwe-broederschap that met in Janskerk church. Hieronymus Bosch was a member of the Zwanenbroeders (swan brothers) and was commissioned by the master of Janskerk to do a stained-glass window for the church. The Zwanenbroeders commissioned Bosch to do other work the most important being ‘The Marriage Feast at Cana’. This painting has symbols that relate to the Zwanenbroeders and thus this painting may constitute the only true riddle involving a brotherhood of men and a supper where Jesus is centerpiece. The worship of Our Lady is eluded to in the swan being served up on a platter. The swan is a symbol of Venus, but, with the presence of the crescent moon and the boar’s head, then this Lady is Artemis/Diana who unleashed the Calydonian Boar that was killed by the Arganots. This is interesting as Radbod made a treaty with Grimoald the Merovingian Frank and gave his daughter, Theodelindis in marriage. The Frankish nobles rose up against the usurpation in the palace of the Franks and bid Radbod to intervene with an armed force, which he did.
Above is the oldest Dutch painting in existence. It show four generations of Roover leaders in knights armour being led by Saint George, the pataon saint of knights before Maria. I am entertaining a theory that these Rovers see themselves as Arganots, and may be the source of the name Huguenots, or Haguenots of Hague where King Floris built his castle.
With the discovery of the original spelling of the ROESMONT family, I conclude that the the fictional movie knight, Floris von Rosemondt, is based upon a member of the Roesmont family. Perhaps a producer saw the coat of arms for Roesmont in the hall of Zwanenbroedershuis.
http://www.absart.nl/floris.html
After being expelled from the Iberian Peninsula, most of the Sephardic Jews settled in trading cities such as London and Antwerp. By the late sixteenth century they were arriving in Amsterdam and The Hague. The Lopes Suassos were a rich old Sephardic family of Marranos, or Jews who had been forced to convert to Christianity under pressure from the Spanish Inquisition, but once in Amsterdam they openly returned to their true religion, Judaism.[1]
Suasso was born in Amsterdam, the eldest son[2] of the banker Antonio Lopes Suasso (1614–1685), also known as Isaac Israel Suasso, by his marriage to Violenta de Pinto, a member of another rich old Sephardic family.[1][3] His father, who had himself been born in Bordeaux, was one of the richest and most famous Portuguese-Jewish merchants in the Amsterdam of his day.[3] The date of Francisco’s birth, probably between 1657 and 1660, is uncertain. He had four sisters, Ribca (1655–1695), Rachel (1659–1685), Elisheba (1663–1746) and Esther (1669–1679), as well as a younger brother, Jacob, who died young.[1]
The family retained a sense of belonging to Spain, and on 3 January 1676 Suasso’s father received from Charles II of Spain the title of Baron d’Avernas le Gras in recognition of his diplomatic services. The title was drawn from a seigneurie owned by Suasso in the Duchy of Brabant named Avernas le Gras.[4] He also had a good relationship with the Stadtholders, and the banking house of Suasso often supported them financially.[1][3]
Suasso joined his father’s banking business.[1] He continued a successful banking career after the death of his father in 1685, when he inherited half of his father’s considerable fortune, much of which was in the form of shares in the Dutch East India Company.[5]
In 1682 Suasso married firstly Judith Francisco Teixeira, at Hamburg. She was the daughter of the banker Manuel (otherwise Isaac) Teixeira, who after Suasso’s father and De Pinto was the third most important Portuguese-Jewish merchant-banker in Northern Europe, by his marriage to Beatrix Nunes Henriques.[2] In an age of strategic marriages, the union can be seen as intended to raise capital within a narrow circle, but this design was thwarted when Judith died childless in 1689.[1]
Suasso in a portrait of ca. 1700
A notable instance of the support of the house of Suasso to the Dutch stadtholders is the loan of two million guilders which Suasso made to William of Orange in 1688 in support of his invasion of England to claim the thrones of King James II.[1] The story is told that William asked Suasso what he wanted as collateral for the millions, to which Suasso replied: “If thou art felicitous, I know thou wilt return them to me; art thou infelicitous, I agree to having lost them.” However, this may be apocryphal.[1] Suasso was responsible for a number of elements of the invasion, and through his father-in-law in Hamburg he was able to make speedy arrangements for the transport of Swedish and Pomeranian troops provided in November 1688 by Charles XI of Sweden to assist William.[6] The coffer in which William repaid the loan to Suasso is today on display in the Willet-Holthuisen Museum in Amsterdam.[1]
Following the death of his first wife in 1689, on 23 February 1694 Suasso married secondly, at the Hague, Leonora (otherwise Rachel) da Costa (1669–1749), and with her had ten children, who became part of a large family network.[1] Their seven sons were Antonio (1695–1775), Alvaro (1696–1751), Manuel (1698–1773), Pedro (1700–1742), Jeronimo (1702–1740), David (1703–1705), and Francisco (1710–1770), while their three daughters were Leonora (1701–1754), Sara (1706–1767) and Hanna (1708–1721).[3]
The Flag and Stone of the American Zionist Revolution
(Images: East India Company flag. Grand Union flag, and other first flags.
Blason of the Teixeira Sampayo family.
0
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/israel/losttribes2.html
“At the time of the American Revolution the East India Company flag would have
been identical to the Grand Union Flag. The flag probably inspired the Stars and
Stripes (as argued by Sir Charles Fawcett in 1937). [10] Comparisons between the
Stars and Stripes and the Company’s flag from historical records present some
convincing arguments.”
Christian authors in England and Europe were indentifying 1666 as an
appocolyptic year. No doubt this was due to the numbers 666 which denotes `The
Beast’ in Revelations. It is suggested the Sephardic Messiah, Sabbatai, believed
in this prophecy, or, if he was a false-Messiah, exploited it. History tells us
Mennesseh ben Israel exploited English Millenarianism when he appealed to
Cromwell to let the Sepharid Jews return to England. Ben Israel (son of Israel)
dedicated his book `The Hope of Israel’ to Cromwell. In this work of prophecy
Ben Israel claims Messianic redemption would come to the Jewish people only when
they are scattered to all the corners of the world, and especially England from
where they were bannished. Did some Christian leaders believe this Jewish
Messiah would be the second coming of Jesus?
The Puritans subscribed to what is called Judeo-centrism that considered the
prophecies of Ben Israel and the Sepharid Messiah, Sabbatai. Cromwell was a
Puiitan who let the Jews back into England at Ben Israel’s urging. However,
there was another motive, Cromwell wanted the backing of the Sephardic Jewish
bankers. He got it. These bankers produced large sums of money to put down the
Jacobites in 1748.
Ben Israel believed some North American Indians were of the Lost Tribes of
Israel. A week ago I discovered the Los Lunas Decalogue Stone. At first I
believed it was the work of a Sephardic Kabbalists that accompnaied Coronado,
but, this stone might be the work of Sephardic Jews from Brazil who were
searcing for the a lost tribe of Israel, and had folowed Ben Israel and
Sebbatai.
Yesterday I discovered that Diego Teixeira Sampayo (Abraham Senior Teixeira) is
a descendant of Don Abraham Senior the Nasi Prince Exilarch descended from King
David.
“Don Manuel’s father, Diego Teixeira Sampayo (Abraham Senior Teixeira), a
descendant of Don Abraham Senior in the female line, was ennobled at Anvers
(Antwerp) in 1643 (Rietstap, Armorial Général, Precedé d’un Dictionnaire des
Termes du Blason, 2nd ed., 2 vols. Gouda, 1887, vol. ii, p. 891; Rietstap,
Wapenboek van den Nederlandschen Adel, vol. ii, p. 87). He later settled in
Hamburg, where he was known simply as the ‘rich Jew’. He rode in an ornate
carriage upholstered with velvet, had liveried servants, and kept a princely
house, which, in 1654, was for some time the residence of Queen Christina of
Sweden, to whom Diego had been recommended by the Spanish ambassador”
William of Orange and his Glorious Revolution, was backed by Sephardic Bankers.
It is suggested Nassau Thomas Senior took the name Nassau from John Maurice of
Nassau who was close kin of William of Orange. He was the head of the Order of
St. John. John Maurice took back Sephardic Brazil from the Catholics. I suspect
John Maurice was the head of the West Indies Trading Company whose flag looks
very similar to the first flag of the United States, called the flag of the
Grand Union. This flag was flown by the American ship the Andrea Doria when it
sailed into the harbor of St. Eustatius that was owned by the East Indies
Trading Company. The commander of Fort Orange returned the salute made by the
captain of the Andrea Doria that consisted of thirteen vollies from the ships
cannons. I suspect these thirteen shots were sounded for the thirteen red and
white stripes on the new flag of the American Revolution that I suspect was a
continuation of the Glorious Revolution of the House of Orange/Nassau. However,
this Revolition was enjoined by the Sephardic Jews who followed the Judaic
Messiah, Sabbatai, and thus these thirteen stribes may have also stood for for
the red and white rose of Zohar.
The commander of Fort Orange was Abraham Raven. He is a relative of Nassau
Thomas Senior and the Exilarch Prince, Don Abraham Senior. The blazon of Diego
Teixeira Sampayo Senior depicts five eagles. I suspect this eagle is the source
of America’s Eagle, our National Ebblem and Ensign. I suspect the the red cross
in the Grand Flag is not the red cross of Saint George, but the red cross of the
Knights Templar. I suspect John Maurice Nassau was a Master Mason who introduced
the Templar rank. I suspect the first Freemasons were Sephardic stone masons who
came to build a new Zion in Brazil.
This New Glorious Revolution was UNITED with the Puritan Exodus in the North.
The Puritans showed great respect for the Indians. Did they also believe they
were of the Lost Tribes of Israel? Did they believe the OLD world was going to
end in 1666, and thus God had brought them to a NEW world?
It is time for the NEW EXODUS from the Old World of the Jews to begin, so that
the prophecy of
Mennesseh ben Israel, Cromwell, and the New Messiah can continue its course.
Only when the “Jews Land” in America is returned to the Chosen Children of God,
will there be Universal Peace.
Jon Presco
The Nazarite
Copyright 2008
“Flying the flag of Grand Union on its stern flagstaff the Andrea Doria entered
the harbor of St. Eustatius on 16 November 1776. As the Andrea Doria backed its
topsails to slow its headway in preparation for dropping anchor, Captain Isaac
Robinson the vessel’s commander decided to make a conspicuous entry into port.
Robinson ordered the striped Grand Union of the Republic flag, the recently
adopted American banner, dipped and a cannon salute fired from the vessel’s
deck. According to maritime custom, a returned salute was the appropriate
response of their host state.
Abraham Raven, the commander of the Orange fort, assumed that the unfamiliar
flag might be that of a rebel American warship and realized that returning a
salute would offend the British. Raven sent a message for instructions to
Johannes de Graaff, the island’s governor and was ordered to answer the salute.
After some minutes passed, nine puffs of gun gray-white smoke arose from the
walls of the fort followed by a salute of muffled thumps in cadence.[iv] An
historic moment transpired; the American colors had been publicly recognized by
a European power.[v] These brief cannon reports also turned out to be an
expression of diplomatic indiscretion. This seemingly minor form of
acknowledgment was contrary to the foreign policy of the Dutch government.
When news of the incident reached the neighboring island of St. Christopher (St.
Kitts), its British governor, Craister Greathead, sent a vehement protest to
Governor de Graaff saying that “this Port always made and still makes
distinction between Merchant or Private Vessells and the Ships of War belonging
to Sovereign States”
“The name ‘Nassau’, which was borne first by Nassau Thomas Senior (d 1786),
elder son of (Moses) Aaron Senior (d 1736), may have originally been adopted in
honour of John Maurice of Nassau (1604-1679), Prince of Nassau-Siegen and
Governor of the Dutch territories in Brazil, prior to the reconquest of these
territories by the Portuguese in 1654, when over 5,000 Jews fled that country.
One ship carrying 23 Jewish refugees from Brazil went to New Amsterdam (New
York), where they formed the nucleus of the Sephardic Jewish community in the
USA. Joseph Senior Saraiva’s uncle, David Senior (who was born in about 1575 in
Amarante, Portugal, and who died in Recife, Brazil, in 1650) was one of the
leading members of the Jewish community in Recife. A more probable alternative
is that the name ‘Nassau’ was adopted in honour of William of Orange-Nassau
(1650-1702), that is William III, whose seizure of the throne of England in 1688
was financed by Jews, possibly including the Senior family. Jews also financed
William III’s later wars against Louis XIV and did much to help London replace
Amsterdam as the centre of European finance, a position it holds to this day. It
is a curious fact that, on this basis, the famous Bill of Rights of 1689, one of
the cornerstones of British democracy, was largely made possible by Jewish
finance.”
The Los Lunas Decalogue Stone bears a very regular inscription carved into the
flat face of a large boulder on the side of Hidden Mountain, near Los Lunas, New
Mexico, about 35 miles south of Albuquerque. The inscription is interpreted by
some to be an abridged version of the Decalogue or Ten Commandments in a form of
Paleo-Hebrew. A letter group resembling the tetragrammaton YHWH, or “Yahweh,”
makes four appearances. The stone is controversial in that some claim the
inscription is Pre-Columbian, and therefore proof of early Semitic contact with
the Americas.
Don Manuel’s father, Diego Teixeira Sampayo
http://www.famousamericans.net/antoniodemontesinos/
), a descendant of Don Abraham Senior in the female line, was ennobled at
Anvers.
http://www.sardimpex.com/articoli/DoriainBrazil.htm
On the ancestry and descent of Clemenza Doria, one of the earliest European settlers in Brazil.
Francisco Antonio Doria
Professor of Communications, Emeritus, at the Federal University in Rio de Janeiro.
Fellow of the Brazilian Academy of Philosophy.
Brazil was discovered by a Portuguese fleet under the command of Admiral Pedro Alvares Cabral lord of Belmonte, in April 1500. Early colonizing efforts by the Portuguese crown were sporadic and consisted mainly of expeditions sponsored and directed by wealthy merchants like the Marchioni, Affaitati, or Fernão de Loronha, who was a converted and ennobled Jew. A more systematic colonial effort began after 1534 when King John III of Portugal spliced up the new land into a dozen or so chunks which were given as fiefs to merchants and enterprising noblemen who were supposed to settle in the colony and explore it.
We are here interested in some of the settlers that came to Brazil after 1548, when King John III decided that a centralized government was required to coordinate the Portuguese administration in the New World, and named Dr. Tomé de Sousa, a magistrate, as the country’s first governor-general. De Sousa belonged to a distinguished but partially impoverished family which traced its ancestry to King Alfonso III in the 13th century through illegitimate lines; he arrived in Brazil in early 1549 in a fleet one of whose ships was commanded by Fernão Vaz da Costa, another mid-level nobleman from the bureaucratic establishment around the Portuguese crown. Fernão Vaz da Costa is one of our dramatis personae here.
Nearly half a century later his son Cristóvão da Costa, or Cristóvão da Costa Doria, as he is also referred to in documents, gives a deposition before the inquisitor that had been sent to Brazil after 1590 to look for heretical and apostate misbehavior in the new continent. The portion of the deposition that interests us is:
..e foi perguntado de sua genelogia/ dixe que he cristão velho filho de fer/nao vaz da costa e de sua molher cle/mencja dorja genevesa não conhe/ceo seus auoos mas ouujo q seu a/uoo paj de seu paj se chama cristo/uão dacosta desembargador que/ foj em Lix.a e sua avoo maj de seu pai/ se chamaua guimar camjnha e ouujo/ dizer que seu avoo paj de sua maj se/chamaua andre dorja, teue tias jr/maas de seu paj florença da costa/ e dona fr.ca da costa molher que foj/ de Ant.o correa moradoras em Lix.a//
nao conheceo tios daparte da sua maj/ teue hum jrmão, que matarão em/Lix.a chamado Nicolao da Costa/ soltr.o e outros que morrerão e tem/ tres irmaas ujuas s. Luisa dorja mo/lher de Martim Carvalho, e fr.ca de saa/ molher de fr.co dabreu da costa e Anna dorja Jnda soltr.a e os djttos seus cu/nhados são cristãos uelhos e djxe q/sabia a doutrjna cristãa…
In full translation: when asked about his genealogy [Cristóvão da Costa Doria] answered that he is an old christian [had no Jewish blood], the son of Fernão Vaz da Costa and of his wife Clemencia Doria, a Genoese by birth; that he never met his grandparents but heard that his paternal grandfather was called Cristóvão da Costa, a supreme court justice in Lisbon, and that his grandmother on that side was called Guiomar Caminha; and heard that his maternal grandfather was called André Doria. Added that he had aunts on his father’s side, namely Florença da Costa, and Dona [Lady] Francisca da Costa, the widow of Antonio Correa, who both lived in Lisbon; on his mother’s side he didn’t know whether there were uncles. He had a brother named Nicolau da Costa, single, who was killed in Lisbon; there were deceased brothers and sisters, and three surviving sisters, Luisa Doria the wife of Martim Carvalho, Francisca de Sá married to Francisco de Abreu da Costa, and Anna Doria, single. None of those people is of Jewish extraction and he himself was perfectly conversant with the Christian doctrine.
This deposition is dated 9 December 1592 (photo 1, photo 2). The charge that had led Cristóvão da Costa Doria to the inquisition was a minor one, that he once overhead some heretical statement and didn’t denounce it (see below) — he answered that he found it irrelevant and had forgotten about it, and the inquisitor let him go. One can see why: the charge was irrelevant, and Cristóvão da Costa Doria was very well connected by family ties to the Portuguese judicial establishment: his grandfather had been Chief Justice of Portugal (Chanceler da Relação de Lisboa) and a rector of the University of Coimbra, one of the oldest in Europe. One of his paternal uncles was also a supreme court justice, and it was probably felt by the inquisitor that one shouldn’t toy with such a well-connected individual.
Biographical data about Fernão Vaz da Costa are scarce, but we can recover a sketchy picture of his personality and that of his father. The father is — we think — the one who received a grant of 50,000 rs (reais) in 1st May 1520 given by King Emmanuel I because of his marriage. Dr. Cristóvão da Costa becomes rector of the University of Coimbra in 1526, and is later made chancellor (chief justice) of the Portuguese supreme court. He was probably born around 1475-80, and — if he is the one who received the 1520 grant — was the son of Afonso da Costa, alcaide-mor (military commander) of Lagos, and the grandson of Soeiro da Costa, a legendary navigator who explored the coast of Africa in the early 15th century. The family bore the full da Costa coat of arms, as can be seen in a grant of arms dated 14 July 1605, and was related to the da Costa branch who held the hereditary offices of Portugal King of Arms from the 16th to the 19th century. (Thus the constant references to governor-general of Brazil Dom Duarre da Costa as an “uncle” of Fernão Vaz da Costa.)
January 1743
Birthplace:
Borssele, Zeeland, Netherlands
Death:
(Date and location unknown)
http://south-carolina-plantations.com/greenwood/jews-land.html
Jew’s Land Plantation – – Greenwood County
Basic Information
Location – Greenwood County
Origin of name – Probably due to the religion of the Salvador family
Other names – Salvador’s Purchase
Current status – ?
Timeline
Earliest known date of existence – 1755 – Joseph Salvador aquired 100,000 acres of land (from A Portion of the People: Three Hundred Years of Southern Jewish Life)
1773 – Joseph Salvador sold 7,000 acres to his nephew Francis Salvador. Francis wanted to grow indigo as a cash crop on the land. (from A Portion of the People: Three Hundred Years of Southern Jewish Life)
House built – ?
Land
Number of acres – 100,000 in 1755
Primary crop – Indigo
Owners
Alphabetical list – Salvador
Slaves
Number of slaves – 30 in 1773 (from A Portion of the People: Three Hundred Years of Southern Jewish Life)
Buildings
?
Web Resources
A Portion of the People: Three Hundred Years of Southern Jewish Life
Print Resources
Initial references: 4
This gray, water-stained parchment, damaged during the South Carolina Inter-State and West Indian Exposition of 1901–1902, can no longer be read. The large escutcheon in the upper left is the coat of arms of the Salvador family—a lion rampant between three gold fleurs de lys.
Francis Salvador’s grandfather was a Portuguese Jew who had migrated to England from Amsterdam early in the 18th century. The family had previously secured the right to a coat of arms, perhaps in Portugal or the Netherlands. The grant issued by the College of Heralds, while not a patent of nobility, permitted the elder Salvador to call himself “gentleman.”
In 1755 the family acquired 100,000 acres of land, known henceforth as the “Jew’s Land,” in the Carolina Piedmont. That same year an earthquake destroyed the Salvadors’ holdings in Lisbon. The failure of the East India Company further depleted their assets. Hoping to recoup the family fortunes by planting indigo, young Francis Salvador set out for Carolina in 1773. He advertised for an overseer to manage the plantation and 30 slaves, but events of the American Revolution intervened.
http://www.lib.unc.edu/apop/firstfamilies.html?counter=14
Carolina’s Jewish First Families enjoyed extraordinary economic opportunity, civil rights, and religious freedom. Jewish South Carolinians succeeded in becoming “a portion of the people” to an extent unprecedented in modern Jewish history. Some reached the ranks of the elite and acquired fine houses, silver tea services, and miniature portraits. Others lived more modestly as tradesmen, school teachers, bakers, butchers, and store owners.
Like Jews elsewhere in the colonies, they sided disproportionately with the cause of independence in the American Revolution. Their allegiance is clearly writ in the names they gave their sons: George Washington Harby, Thomas Jefferson Tobias, Benjamin Franklin Moïse, and Andrew Jackson Moses, to name a few.
http://www.angelfire.com/ego/et_deo/israel2britain.wps.htm
http://www.britam.org/Tribesman/AncestryAthol.html
THE HOUSE OF DAVID IN BABYLON
The institution of the Babylonian Exilarchate came when King Nebuchadnezzar took Jehoiachin, King of Judah captive to Babylon in c.597 B.C. After being imprisoned for 37 years Evilmerodach, King of Babylon, released Jehoiachin and “he spoke kindly to him and gave him a seat of honor higher than those of the other kings who were with him in Babylon” (2-Kings 25:28). Archeology has discovered the royal accounts recording the food allowance granted to Jehoiachin and his five sons in prison in Babylon. From Jehoiachin arose a royal Davidic dynasty in Babylon reigning from their own palace and court over the Jewish communities of the East. They reigned in regal splendor until the beginning of the fifteenth century when Tamerlane deposed them in 1401, and a branch of the family transferred to Baghdad to lead the Jewish community until 1700.
THE JEWISH SIDE OF THE FAMILY
In the Talmud it says: “Hiyya states, ‘The Messiah cannot appear until the Exilarchate at Babylon and the Patriarchate at Jerusalem have ceased’” (Sanhedrin 38a). The Babylonian Exilarchs were the Heads (Rosh Galuta) or Princes (Nasi) of the Royal House of King David of the lineage of King Solomon. The Patriarchate in Jerusalem was a branch of this dynasty as were the Western Exilarchs in Narbonne, France. In the 6th century the Babylonian Exilarch Mar Zutra II (508-520), the son of Huna-vi (484-508), had established an autonomous Jewish Kingdom called Mahoza in Mesopotamia. Mar Zutra II then became the king of Mahoza. After the overthrow of Mahoza seven years later, Mar Zutra’s pregnant wife fled (with her son in the womb) to Palestine. The child was also known as Mar Zutra and in Palestine he was made ‘Rosh Pirka’ (head of the Sanhedrin) in 520 at Tiberias. He established the Davidic Patriarchate of Jerusalem. His descendants continued as Davidic Nasis or Patriarchs for 8 or 10 generations until the 8th century, when Ahunai’s son Zakkai returned to Babylon and took the name of Judah re-establishing the old line of Exilarchs. He married the daughter of the Bustanoi Exilarch Hananiah ben David. After his death the Bustanoi line regained the Exilarchate in the person of Natronai ben Habibai in 771. He was succeeded by Moses ben Isaac Iskoi from another line of the Bustanoi. Natronai ben Habibai went into exile in Spain. Moses ben Isaac Iskoi was succeeded by his son Isaac Iskoi ben Moses, the 10th Exilarch since Bustanoi. The Exilarch Bustanoi had been married to the daughter of the King of Persia, Omar ibn Kattab, and this is why the line from Ahunai of Palestine (that was not descended from Bustanoi) was considered a purer line of Exilarchs by many.
http://www.wattpad.com/68164-holy-blood-holy-grail?p=185
The Rougemont Grandmasters
Who will Champion the Queen of England?
In the Talmud it says: “Hiyya states, ‘The Messiah cannot appear
until the Exilarchate at Babylon and the Patriarchate at Jerusalem
have ceased’” (Sanhedrin 38a).
It is written that Bernard de Tramelay/Dramelay, the Grand Master of
the Knights Templar, “succeeded a certain Hugues as Master of the
Temple, although this Hugues is otherwise unknown.” Three days ago I
found this Hughues Grand Master in the history of the town of
Montagna-le-Templier and the donations to the Templars made by
Manassès de Coligny (who entered this order) witnessed by “Hugues de
Rougemont, large main of the Temple”, and Jean de Chalon. This Jean
appears to be the ancestor of the Jean de Chalons that the Knight
Templars secret a treasure away. This Hughes may have been the
brother of Bernard de Dramelay. Fromond de Dramelay married a dame de
Rougemont. They begot the Sires of Neufchatel whom the direct
ancestor of Elizabeth, the Queen of England, married into. The Vienne
family of Neufchatel (who are close kin to the Rougemont and De La
Roche family)wwere owners of the Shroud of Turin. I have identified
Humbert Villersexel as being Humbert de Rougemont who married
Margaret de Charney, the daughter of Geoffroi de Charney, the nephew
of the Knight Templar, Geoffroy de Charney, the Preceptor of
Normandy. It is alleged the Knight Templars came to own the Shroud of
Turin. I have proven this is the case in regards to the Templar Grand
Masters, Hughes de Rougemont, and Bernard Dramelay who may have also
have been a Sire of Rougemont.
Margarita de Castro e Souza, a great grandmother of Queen Victoria,
and is related to Guillaume de Vienne was a co-founder of the Order
of Saint George. Jean Lutold d’Asuel was the Lord of Rougemont. His
mother was Jeanne de Rougemont. Jean was the provost of Saint Ursane
named after an Irish Monk with a bear name. Jean was a member of the
Brotherhood of Rougemont and Saint-George that met at Rougemont
castle. Asuel is spelled Azuel. It appears Jean left Saint Ursanne
the same year he joined the Brothers of Rougemont. Jean is related to
the Vienne family who co-founded the Order of Saint-George, and were
members of Montfaucon who sired the Lords of Neufchatel. It is highly
likely Denis deRougemont descends from this “old nobility” who were
the most powerful and influential family in the Jura, and is kin to
the Windsors who a few days ago were threantened by Ayman al-
Zawahiri.
I will Champion the Queen of England for I am the Flower of Chivalry
who sought the source of my mother’s maiden name, Rosamond, and found
the Grail Family. The Windsors and the families close to the
Rougemonts are kin to Guillaume Prince of Orange and Exilarch rulers
of Narborne. The Windsors and Rougemonts are kin to Aloandro Ben
Bekar a Exilearch. Some suspect this name came from Rougemont near
Besacon. I have found the Roesmont family of Brambant who were
Knights of the Swan Brethren.
Denis de Rougemont wrote about the roots of Chivalry stemming from
Muslim Poet-Knights. I will meet a Champion of Al-qaeda in fair
combat. I own a $50 dollar sword called ‘Excalibur’. I may not use
it, for I am a Nazarite who has died and seen God. God assured me
twenty years ago in a vision;
“Spiritual Courage, will be met with Spiritual Courage.”
I was born to carry the Oriflame.
Jon Presco
Copyright 2007
Raymond Adrien de Roover (1904–1972), was a noted economic historian of medieval Europe,[1] whose scholarship explained why Scholastic economic thought is best understood as a precursor of, and wholly compatible with, Classical economic thought. In his day, many economists such as R.H. Tawney taught that Karl Marx was the last of, and culmination of, the Scholastic economists.[2] De Roover taught at Harvard University, University of Chicago, Boston College, and Brooklyn College in The City University of New York, in addition to various European universities,[3] and was also a Guggenheim Fellow in 1949.[4]
De Roover and his wife appear as minor characters in The Sinking of the Odradek Stadium, a novel by the American Novelist Harry Mathews. (The novel is in part concerned with the Medici.)
Here is the Stakenburg geneology that shows the De Rode and Roover
family are related. The coat of Arms at the top is that of Willem de
Roover Van Statenburg. It depiects the mill-part with a swan denoting
Willem was a member of the Swan Brethren. This mill-part appears in
the coat of amrs of the Breugel, Cuijst, Brockhoven, Boest, Dinther,
and Wolfswinkle familes, the later owning Wolf House that also
belonged to the Rosemont family. At the bottom we see the De
Roode/Rode coat of arms.
The Roover family legend says they descend from Radbot/Radbart.
Radbart is also Robert.
Here is Horst Castle home to the Van Rode family.
ROESMONT
ROESMONT, – ROESMONT, Aleidis – ROESMONT, Beatrix Danielis – ROESMONT, Daniel Danielis – ROESMONT, Danielis d.1422 – ROESMONT, Ghisbertus – ROESMONT, Godescalcus – ROESMONT, Godescalcus – ROESMONT, Godescalcus Rodolphi d.1397 – ROESMONT, Godscalcus Jan – ROESMONT, Heilwigis Arnoldi Danielis – ROESMONT, Henricus Bac b.1409 – ROESMONT, Johannes d.1474 – ROESMONT, Johannes Jan – ROESMONT, Katharina – ROESMONT, Luijtgardis Rodolphi m.1423 – ROESMONT, Mechteldis – ROESMONT, Rodolfus Godescalci d.1423 –
301. Daniel ROESMONT, embark 1402.,1411.,1423 and 1442. he was town running master in 1399 and 1406, and held different years the office of rentmeester of the fields in the city and Meyerij of s hertogenbosch. He had married with adriana the Roover, for the of nobleman Dirk Edmondszn., ships and Council, and of its third woman Beatrix van Tuyl Gijsbertsdr. 302. Gijsbert ROESMONT. After dying the ships nobleman hendrik Heym in 1427 took he are place on the ship chair. He was church master of Saint Janskerk, member of Lieve-Vrouwe-broederschap and died in 1449
Tielmannus DE SPINA married ROESMONT.
ROESMONT [Parents] married Tielmannus DE SPINA.
Arnoldus Rover VAN DER POIRTEN married Heilwigis Arnoldi Danielis ROESMONT.
Heilwigis Arnoldi Danielis ROESMONT [Parents] married Arnoldus Rover VAN DER POIRTEN.
Other marriages:
BERWOUT, Arnoldus
Unknown married Heilwigis Johannis VAN BERCK.
Heilwigis Johannis VAN BERCK [Parents] “Hilla” died before 1474. She married Unknown.
Other marriages:
ROESMONT, Godescalcus
They had the following children:
F
i
Heilwigis.
Danielis ROESMONT [Parents] died before 1422. He married jonkvrouw Adriana Theodorici ROVER.
Other marriages:
VAN BERCK, Katharina Johannis
jonkvrouw Adriana Theodorici ROVER [Parents] married Danielis ROESMONT.
They had the following children:
At the beginning of the 13e centuries we find already the Roover in the ship chair, also during the 14e, 15e to the first parts of the 16, century sat its members in the government. Geerlink, bovengemeld were the last. Moreover it held the four Roovers high in look staande office of hoogschout of the city and Meyerij of s hertogenbosch
308. Nobleman Geerlink the ROOVER Edmondszn., embark 1503.,1510.,1517 and 1521. he was innkeeper (bewaarder, lock tutor) of the castle at Heeswijk, then an open house of the duke of brabant. On 28 June 1512 he travelled with the edellieden knight Jan van Baecx, laagschout, Mr. Jan van Vladeracken, lord of Geffen, president, Lambert Millinck, sworn, Martinus of Campen, Council lord, the town secretary Mr. Simon van Coudenberch and Jan van Kessel, schout of Boxtel, to Turnhout to greet name of the city emperor Maximiliaan, tutor of under 21 the duke Karel, and concerning the town share in the war costs with gelderland to pronounce. During this war the Roover were of the four fortificatiemeesters of the city, which had been in particular dedicated ensure its strengthening and security. He dissipated in September 1513 with five small flags foot people in service of the city the geldersen from the borough Megen. The Roover had married with Geertruida neck Herbertsdr., died 9 September 1524 and in Saint Janskerk were buried. The line the Roover can be called, however, the oldest government family of s’-Hertogenbosch. At the beginning of the 13e centuries we find already the Roover in the ship chair, also during the 14e, 15e to the first parts of the 16, century sat its members in the government. Geerlink, bovengemeld were the last. Moreover it held the four Roovers high in look staande office of hoogschout of the city and Meyerij of s hertogenbosch
“Göngu-Hrólf Rögnvaldsson was often (but dubiously) identified with
Rollo of Normandy.5 Göngu-Hrólf Rögnvaldsson also went by the name of
Walker Rolf.3 Rollo I of Normandy is not the Gongu-Hrolf of Icelandic
Saga fame. Rollo is of unknown parentage.”
A few days ago I began to doubt the veracity of explanation of how
Rollo came by the name Gongu-Hrolf, meaning “walking wolf”. Allegedly
his Viking legs were too long for the horse he sat upon, and thus he
walked – while others rode?
Doing some googling I discovered some decent scholarship that
suggested Rollo was a myth, and the Gongu-Hrolf Saga may have been
the source of the tall tales about Rollo. Then I noticed the other
spellings for Rollo and began to wonder if Radbot was the real Rollo.
” would like to conclude with some things that we do not know about
Rollo. We do not know with any certainty what his name was. We call
him Rollo, because that’s what the sources generally call him,
although some more distant writers referred to him as Ruinus, Roso,
and possibly Rotlo”
Another source calls Rollo, Rodo. There appears to be a red-name
being applied to Rollo, as Rot in German is “red”. Radbot is also
spelled Radbar, and Ratbodus.
The key to unlocking the wolf riddle is found in the marriage of
Radbod’s daughter, Theodelindus to Grimoald, son of Pepin “le Gros”.
This resembles the alleged marriage alliance with the Frankish kings
to Rollo. The usurpers of the Merovingains waged warfare with Radbot
and Rangar of Holland. Dudo has Rollo going into Holland to make war
with Radbot and Rangar, and after defeating Radbot, makes a treaty
with Rangar. Radbot flees to Denmark. His descendants would return to
Holland and claim the Frisian throne. Radbot defeated Charles Martel
in battle, but was defeated by Pepin. However, Pepin’s son asked
Radbot to help him dispose of the usurpers that backed Martel.
There may be two Grimoalds, one being the son of Theodelindus and
Radbot. Theodelinus appears to be a Frankish name rather then a
Frisian, and, it makes more sense that Grimoald offers his daughter
in marriage to Radbod, which parallels the offering of Poppa to Rollo
as part of a treaty to allegedly keep other Vikings from invading the
land of the Franks like Ragnar did when he ravaged Paris. Ragnar held
a wolf-name.
If Theodelindus was Grimoald’s daughter, and she begat a wolf-line
kin to the Franks in Danland, then this wolf-line was a great threat
to reclaim the throne of the Franks. This would be a very good motive
for the Franks to hire a historian that would create a Viking super-
hero to mythically usurp the lineage of Radbot from whom the
Rover/Roover, and Rosemont family descend.
“The earliest recorded Duke of Frisia was Radbod. The Continuator of
Fredegar states that he was defeated by Pepin “le Gros”, major domus
of Austrasia, at Duurstede in [692/97], and that he made a treaty
with Ragamfred maior domus of Neustria in [716][4]. The marriage of
Radbod’s daughter Theodelindis to Grimoald, son of Pepin “le Gros”,
is recorded in 711 in the Annales Metenses[5].”
Marranos and Sephardic Jews
The Sephardim (so-called Spanish Jews) had been expelled from Spain and Portugal years earlier, but many remained in the Iberian peninsula, practising Judaism in secret (see crypto-Jews or Marranos). The newly independent Dutch provinces provided an ideal opportunity for the crypto-Jews to re-establish themselves and practise their religion openly, and they migrated, most notably to Amsterdam. Collectively, they brought trading influence to the city as they established in Amsterdam.
In 1593 these Marranos arrived in Amsterdam after having been refused admission to Middelburg and Haarlem. These Jews were important merchants and persons with in-demand skills. They labored assiduously in the cause of the people and contributed materially to the prosperity of the country. They became strenuous supporters of the House of Orange and were in return protected by the stadholder. At this time the commerce of Holland was increasing; a period of development had arrived, particularly for Amsterdam, to which Jews had carried their goods and from which they maintained their relations with foreign lands. Thus they had connections with the Levant and with Morocco. The Emperor of Morocco had an ambassador at The Hague named Samuel Pallache (1591–1626), through whose mediation, in 1620, a commercial understanding was arrived at with the Barbary States.
In particular, the relations between the Dutch and South America were established by Jews; they contributed to the establishment of the Dutch West Indies Company in 1621, of the directorate of which some of them were members. The ambitious schemes of the Dutch for the conquest of Brazil were carried into effect through Francisco Ribiero, a Portuguese captain, who is said to have had Jewish relations in Holland. As some years afterward the Dutch in Brazil appealed to Holland for craftsmen of all kinds, many Jews went to Brazil; about 600 Jews left Amsterdam in 1642, accompanied by two distinguished scholars – Isaac Aboab da Fonseca and Moses Raphael de Aguilar. In the struggle between Holland and Portugal for the possession of Brazil the Dutch were supported by the Jews.
With various countries in Europe also the Jews of Amsterdam established commercial relations. In a letter dated 25 November 1622, King Christian IV of Denmark invites Jews of Amsterdam to settle in Glückstadt, where, among other privileges, the free exercise of their religion would be assured to them.
Interior of the Amsterdam Esnoga, the synagogue for the Portuguese-Israelite (Sephardic) community which was inaugurated 2 August 1675, and is still being used by the Jewish community.
Besides merchants, a great number of physicians were among the Spanish Jews in Amsterdam: Samuel Abravanel, David Nieto, Elijah Montalto, and the Bueno family; Joseph Bueno was consulted in the illness of Prince Maurice (April, 1623). Jews were admitted as students at the university, where they studied medicine as the only branch of science which was of practical use to them, for they were not permitted to practise law, and the oath they would be compelled to take excluded them from the professorships. Neither were Jews taken into the trade-guilds: a resolution passed by the city of Amsterdam in 1632 (the cities being autonomous) excluded them. Exceptions, however, were made in the case of trades which stood in peculiar relations to their religion: printing, bookselling, the selling of meat, poultry, groceries, and drugs. In 1655 a Jew was, exceptionally, permitted to establish a sugar-refinery. One particular Sephardic Jew also stood out during that time: his name was Benedictus de Spinoza (or Baruch Spinoza). He was excommunicated from the Jewish community in 1656 after speaking out his ideas concerning (the nature of) God in his famous work Ethics.
Hamburg and Amsterdam.
Meanwhile in Hamburg a bank had been opened in imitation of the Amsterdam bank; this still exists under the name of the “Hamburger Bank.” Among the chief founders of the new venture was a Marano named Diego Teixera de Mattos; and of the forty original members of the bank twelve were Jews. (Grätz, “Gesch. der Juden,” x. 17, note). Later on, in connection with the Hamburg bank were the two Abensurs, financial representatives of the king of Poland. They represent another source from which Jewish capital was drawn; the position of the Jews as “factors” to the Polish nobility in some degree resembling the standing and functions of the Court Jews who slowly collected around the smaller German courts and who managed their finance much in the way modern banks do in the case of court estates. Among these may be mentioned Michael of Berlin, court Jew to Joachim II. of Brandenburg (Grätz, ib. ix. 305, 314); Samson Wertheimer at Vienna, and Bassevi von Treuenberg at Prague (the last two connected with the imperial finances of the Hapsburgs). In the middle of the eighteenth century the Pintos, Delmontes, Bueno de Mesquita, and Francis Mels of Amsterdam were the leading financiers of northern Europe; while in London, which, owing to the relations of William III. with Holland, was financially dependent on Amsterdam, Mendes da Costa, Manasseh Lopez, and Baron d’Aguilar held prominent positions. The very first work on the operations of the Amsterdam Exchange was written by a Spanish Jew named Joseph de la Vega.
Sephardic graves in Ouderkerk, Amsterdam
Trebots @ Saturday October 15th 2005 18:32
Nineteenth century nationalism and anti-Papism made it easy to forget the extent of Spanish influence in the Low Countries during the sixteenth century. Much of this influence was literary, with translations and localisations of Spanish classics appearing rapidly and serving as models for several generations of Dutch authors, but Iberia’s greatest gift to the Provinces–like Germany’s to Britain and the States centuries later–came in the form of Jews seeking a new domicile.
David Henriquez de Castro, a Dutch Jew whose family traced it Spanish roots back to the twelth century, was a fine scholar and one of a number who, towards the end of the nineteenth century, helped debunk monocultural stereotypes of The Nation. Taken from a footnote to his obituary in the 1899 yearbook of the Society for Dutch Letters, the following selection of seventeenth century gravestones restored and documented by him in the Sephardic cemetery in Ouderkerk on the Amstel gives a small impression of Spain and Portugal’s loss and Holland’s gain:
Haham Jacob Sasportas, representative here of the emperor of Morocco.
Haham David Pardo, first upper rabbi of the third Beth-Israel community.
Don Samuel Palacha, ambassador of the emperor of Marokko to the States of Holland in The Hague and one of the founders of the Portuguese community here.
Haham Isaac Aboab, upper rabbi of the three communities united in 1639.
Docter Ephraim Bueno, accomplished doctor.
Docter Joseph Bueno, doctor to Prince Maurits.
Daniel Levi de Barrios, captain in the Spanish army, famouse Spanish poet and earliest historian of the Portuguese community.
Docter Eliau Montalto, personal physician of Queen Mary of Medici.
Joseph Penso Felix, excellent modern Hebrew poet.
Jacob Juda Leon (Templo), known for his portrayal of and work concerning (?) Salome’s temple. Also for his Spanish translation of the psalms.
Jacob de Pina, famous Spanish poet.
Dona Mayor Rodrigues en Francesco Nunes Homem, first Portuguese Israelite to set foot on land in Amsterdam.
David Franco Mendes, accomplished Hebrew poet and writer of extremely important writings concerning the history of the Portuguese community here.
Jacob Israel Belmonte, who gathered here the first minjan [quorum of ten men required for communal prayer].
Isaac de Pinedo, known for his famous annotated translation of the work of Stephanus de Urbibus.
Docter Isaac de Rocamora, ex-Dominican monk, later leading doctor and poet.
Uri Alevi, grandson of the well-known Moses Uri Alevi, leading Hebrew printer.
Many of the individuals are much more interesting than de Castro’s summaries suggest. Here for example is a biography of Isaac Orobio de Castro which, extraordinary as it is, still fails to mention that the man’s literary debut took place in 1637 at the age of 17 with the publication of a poem dealing with the 1636-7 plague epidemic in Malaga. Unlike some of his other tracts (the refutation of Spinoza, for example), the Epílogo de lo que passó en la peste de la ciudad de Malaga este ano 1637 sounds worth a read. Did he or did he not credit St Julian with the town’s salvation, as other accounts do?
Rosamond Press 
