Was it “God-ordained” when Celtic folk loyal to the king of England sold white folk to Americans? The king believed in God and Jesus. Did he ordain these sales of his subjects? If so, then what need of a Democracy do Southern Traitors have?

“One half to two thirds of all immigrants to Colonial America arrived
as indentured servants. At times, as many as 75% of the population of
some colonies were under terms of indenture. Even on the frontier,
according to the 1790 U.S. Census, 6% of the Kentucky population was
indentured.”

Were these Celtic men interested in creating a Theocracy and owning black folk? Or, were they keen on being a Freeman?

Jon the Nazarite

The Highwayman Is Free

http://rougeknights.blogspot.com/

Name: John ROSAMOND “The Highwayman”·
Surname: Rosamond·
Given Name: John· Suffix: “The Highwayman”·
Sex: M· Birth: ABT. 1710 in County Leitrim, Ireland (?)

“In 1724, my ancestor John ROSAMOND and his friend William Ray were
arrested in Abingdon, Berkshire, England for stealing a hat, periwig,
30 pounds British sterling, five pairs of shoes, and a brown gelding.
They were held in the gaol in Reading, Berkshire, after their trial
where they were sentenced to be exiled to the colonies for 14 years
hard labor.

Give us this day our daily bread. And forgive us our debts, as we
forgive our debtors.

“I was a highwayman. Along the coach roads I did ride With sword and
pistol by my side Many a young maid lost her baubles to my trade Many
a soldier shed his lifeblood on my blade The bastards hung me in the
spring of twenty-five But I am still alive.”

One half to two thirds of all immigrants to Colonial America arrived
as indentured servants. At times, as many as 75% of the population of
some colonies were under terms of indenture. Even on the frontier,
according to the 1790 U.S. Census, 6% of the Kentucky population was
indentured.

A group of black folk are suing Lloyd’s of London for their part in
the slave trade.

“One plaintiff, Deadria Farmer-Paellman said the slave trade denied
her identity.

“Today I suffer from the injury of not knowing who I am, having no
nationality or ethnic group as a result of acts committed by these
parties,” she said.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3578863.stm

The Hodge family purchased land in South Carolina that once belonged
to Francis Salvador, a famous Jew who was killed in the Revolutionary
War. This land was in the 96th district where James Rosamond bought
large tracts of land. This land is titled the “Jews land” in the
Hodge family genealogy. The Jews who owned this land are kin to Jesus.

Rebecca Mendes da Costa also owned much property in the 96th.
district. She was of a famous Sephardic family, too, she kin to
Doctor Mendes who tutored the famous artist, Vincent Van Gough. The
Salvador family lived in the Hague. Francis Salvador, a wealthy
Jewish merchant of London, applied to the Earl Marshall in 1744 for a
confirmation of the coat of arms that his father had borne in
Portugal, and on June 18 of that year, he received a grant of these
arms. His grandson, also named Francis, settled on a plantation of
nearly seven thousand acres in Ninety Six District. The lion might
represent the tribe of Judah, and thus the Exilarchs of Portugal.

Today, Congress should take the final step to bring God’s Spiritual
Liberation back into the world. Not since tens of thousand of devout
Jews and Saints hurled darts and stones down upon the Roman legions
in defense of God’s House in 70 A.D. has humankind been so free. I
have shown that this battle was a Jubilee Rebellion where Go’el the
Redeemer had declared all Jews free of their debts.

As many as two thirds of the white folk who came to America in the
early years were indentured slaves. Today, the descendants of those
slaves, along with the black slaves, forgave those they were, and are
in debt to, and with their own money rescued them from ruin. Many
banks backed the slave trade. The Mended de Costa family founded many
powerful banks with profits they made from their involvement in the
slave trade. That these descendants of King David and Jesus could
have become wealthy slave masters, speaks volumes on how cleverly
Jesus’ TRUE MESSAGE and MISSION was oppressed and altered. Today, in
the Spirit of Lord’s Prayer and Divine Forgiveness THE KINGDOM OF GOD
find a home in America. This is a Historic and Biblical event without
equal.
Today, every American should know who they are! When our Founding
Fathers wrote the Constitution they did not give black folk their
freedom or a right to vote. They did not give women the right to
vote. How then is our Government God-given?
We are Liberated and Redeemed by our Gracious Hearts, our ability to
forgive those who put us in bonds. This is a Great Nation of Free
People – free alas – for We are all Redeemers!
Jon Presco

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses_da_Costa
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Highwaymen_(country_supergroup)
“In 1724, my ancestor John ROSAMOND and his friend William Ray were
arrested in Abingdon, Berkshire, England for stealing a hat, periwig,
30 pounds British sterling, five pairs of shoes, and a brown gelding.
They were held in the gaol in Reading, Berkshire, after their trial
where they were sentenced to be exiled to the colonies for 14 years
hard labor. By March 1725, they were transported to Newgate Prison
and held there until they boarded the convict ship “Forward” owned by
Jonathan Forward, and captained by Daniel Russell. The ship set sail
on 28 September 1725 from London via the Thames River. The ship
arrived disembarked at Annapolis, Maryland on 8 December 1725. We
don’t know who bought his indenture, but he is recorded as being in
CPT Beall’s militia of Prince George Co, Maryland between 1734-1737.

By 1747-1765 we find John ROSAMOND living in Augusta Co, Virginia
and listed as a master shoemaker, owned land, paid tithes, served in
the militia, etc. His wife Sarah Wilson, a daughter of Thomas and
Elizabeth Wilson, arrived with her mother, brothers:”·

Name: John ROSAMOND “The Highwayman”· Surname: Rosamond· Given Name:
John· Suffix: “The Highwayman”· Sex: M· Birth: ABT. 1710 in County
Leitrim, Ireland (?)· Death: BEF. 1790 in SC· _UID:
Immigration: 1725 Annapolis, MD· Occupation: Farmer, shoemaker·
Change Date: 3 Apr 2006 at 01:00:00Father: James “Jacob?” ROSEMOND b:
1 Jan 1654 in Basle, Switzerland Mother: Ann D’ORRMarriage 1 Sarah
WILSON b: ABT. 1726 in County Antrim, IrelandMarried: ABT. 1740 in
Augusta County, VirginiaChildrenJean ROSAMOND b: ABT. 1743 in Augusta
Co., VAMargaret ROSAMOND b: ABT. 1745 in Augusta Co.,VA Samuel Null
ROSAMOND b: ABT. 1751 in Augusta Co., VA James ROSAMOND b: ABT. 1754
in Augusta Co., VA Sarah F. ROSAMOND b: ABT. 1760 in Augusta County,
Virginia

The Highwaymen were a country supergroup comprising four musicians
well known for, among other things, their involvement and pioneering
influence on the outlaw country subgenre: Johnny Cash, Waylon
Jennings, Willie Nelson and Kris Kristofferson. Outlaws and good old
boys Jennings and Cash had worked together previously and had great
respect for each other; Jennings was a good friend of Cash’s, the
latter calling him his “blood brother.”

Citizens of the colonies would deal with indenture on a daily basis.
My intent is to give the reenactor or interpreter some of the
background about working beside, owning or having been an indentured
servant.

This was a labor system, not a system of apprenticeship. (Galenson,
6) The historic basis for indenture grew out of English agricultural
servitude and began because of labor shortages in England and in the
colonies. It developed at a time when England had a great number of
people being displaced from farming. This led to an early growth of
the indentured labor system.The importation of white servants under
contracts known as indentures proved more profitable as a short-term
labor source than enslaving Indians or using free labor. Eventually,
the final attempt to ease labor shortages was enslavement of
Africans. Wherever you find slavery, you first find indentures.

Moses Mendes da Costa (died 1756), also called Anthony da Costa, was
an 18th century English banker.

He was so successful as a banker, that he was wrongly thought to be
on the board of the Bank of England.

In 1727, he brought an action against the Russia Company, which
refused to admit him to membership on the ground of him being a Jew.
The attorney-general decided that he must be admitted, whereupon the
company petitioned Parliament to modify the former’s charter so as to
give it the right of refusal.

[edit] Backkground and family

He was the son of Jacob (Alvarez or Alvaro) da Costa, who is probably
the Da Costa referred to in the Thurlow Papers. Jacob da Costa
arrived in England with his family in 1655. He married Leonora
(Rachel) Mendes, sister of Fernandez (Fernando) Mendes, the Marrano
physician of King John IV of Portugal.

Moses married his cousin Catherine Mendes in 1698. Catherine had been
born in Somerset House, and was named after Queen Catherine of
Braganza, wife of Charles II, who graciously consented to stand
sponsor to her. This Catherine da Costa is supposed to have made, in
1721, the water-colour portrait of her father which now hangs in the
vestry of the Bevis Marks Synagogue. Their children included Sarah
(Simha) Mendes da Costa who married Ephraim Lópes Pereira d’Aguilar,
2nd Baron d’Aguilar.

Among his descendants were the physicist Edward Andrade and the
comedian Sam Costa.
[edit] References

Slave descendants to sue Lloyd’s

The plaintiffs say the slave trade denied them their identities
Descendants of black American slaves are to sue Lloyd’s of London for
insuring ships used in the trade. High-profile US lawyer Edward
Fagan, who secured settlements from Swiss companies in the Nazi gold
case, is taking the action for 10 plaintiffs. He says by underwriting
slave ships in the 1700-1800s the UK’s oldest insurance firm played a
key role. The action, which claims descendants still suffer, was
lodged on Monday according to Associated Press.

The American plaintiffs have produced DNA evidence they say links
them with ancestors on recorded slave ships which sailed between
Africa and the United States. One says he has the insurance documents
from when Lloyd’s of London underwrote the ship his ancestors were on.
Lloyd’s knew what they were doing led to the destruction of
indigenous populations

Edward FaganUS lawyer

Mr Fagan is heading the action against several parties including
Lloyd’s. He forced Swiss companies into a £1.25bn settlement on
behalf of Nazi victims and is also leading a claim against companies
for their role in South Africa under apartheid. He told the
BBC: “Lloyd’s was one of the spokes in a hub-and-spoke conspiracy.

‘Ongoing injuries’

“Lloyd’s knew what they were doing led to the destruction of
indigenous populations.
“They took people, put them on board ships and wiped out their
identities.”
He denied events were too far in the past.

“There’s ongoing injuries that these people suffer from.

“Why is it too far fetched to say blacks should be entitled to
compensation for damages and genocide committed against them, when
every other group in the world that has been victimised in this way
has been?”

In London, the Treasury and Jonathan Forward made an agreement on 8
August, 1718 which allowed Forward a monopoly on convict contracting.
([32]) In 1719 he wanted higher fees for his services, partly since
tobacco prices were low. The Treasury gave in. Departing England in
October 1722 was Forward Capt. Dan Russell for Maryland (listed in
Coldham). He may have been linked with the later career of James
Russell and his brother William. From 1768 to 1792, William Russell
was Duncan Campbell’s agent in Maryland. If Capt. Dan Russell was
linked with Forward, this might explain the long association between
William Russell and Duncan Campbell, since Campbell as convict
contractor became the inheritor of all the benefits of the convict
service managed from London. Linebaugh ([33]) reports that in 1722,
Forward, otherwise a tobacco merchant, used the convict ship
Alexander. (Linebaugh also treats convicts returning from
transportation about then, a la Defoe’s novel, Moll Flanders.)

Here, Campbell revealed a great deal that might have interested
American historians delving into the aftermath of the American
Revolution, delving even into the onset of the revolution.A brief
chronology is thus: Probably before 1768, Campbell as partner with
John Stewart on one trip to America had taken out a young agent to
install in Virginia and Maryland, William Russell (brother of the
later noted London tobacco merchant, James). There had been a captain
Daniel Russell in the convict service as early as 1722, sailing for
the London convict contractor Jonathan Forward. James Russell had
settled in Nottingham in Prince George’s County, Maryland, from 1729.

“.. Newgate was the place from which thousands started the long
journey which ended in the colonies. For over 200 years
transportation for periods varying from 7 years to life was a much
used (and abused) form of punishment. ” , Feb. 22, 2005England of
the 1700’s was a very harsh place to live. It had a population of
approximately 9 million people of which about one million were
unemployed. Of those who had jobs many were not working regularly or
were poorly paid. Poverty was rampant and crime was increasing in a
country that had a judicial system but no organized Police Force. Old
military men served as police officers.
In an effort to deal with the increasing crime rate, the government
introduced harsher punishments. In 1700 people could be hung for
stealing even very small items. Hitchcock and Shoemaker
(www.oldbaileyonline.org, February 22, 2005) report that for those
employed, the “cost of living was essentially in line with wages,
although some items were much more expensive than their modern
equivalents.” Public hangings became a popular entertainment. A
carnival atmosphere with food and drink vendors helped make the
hangings a family entertainment. This was not the governments goal.
Fortunately by the time John Dunnick and Mary Parsmore (Passmore)
were tried, the value of the stolen items required for hanging had
been increased and between 1718 and 1775 “transportation” to North
America was the preferred penalty. This practice ended with the
American Revolutionary War. After that the convicts were sent to
Australia. and rather than use convict labor or indentured servants,
colonial America turned to slavery. “Although convicts were
transported in the seventeenth century, it had to be done either at
their own expense or that of the merchants or shipowners.” “In 1718
England passed the first Transportation Act ….. In 1720 a further
statute authorized payments by the state to merchants who contracted
to take convicts to America.” To return before the end of ones
sentence was punishable by death. Source: Tim Hitchcock and Robert
Shoemaker, ‘Gender in the Proceedings’, Old Bailey Proceedings Online
(www.oldbaileyonline.org, February 22,
2005)
.http://www.dunnuck.com/bio-John%201737-Newgate%20Prision.html
http://www.danbyrnes.com.au/blackheath/thebc43.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newgate_Prison

The Columbia Canal is the surviving canal of a series of canals built
by the State of South Carolina to provide a direct water routes
between the upstate settlements and the towns on the fall line. It is
on the Congaree and Broad Rivers in Columbia, South Carolina. It is
the focal point of the Riverfront Park in Columbia. The canal is now
used to generate hydroelectric power by the South Carolina Gas &
Electric Co.[1][2]

The Columbia Canal is on the National Register of Historic Places,
No. 79002392. The South Carolina Department of Archives and History
has additional pictures and information,[3] and copies of the
nomination forms.[4]

There are additional pictures, and information available from the
Historic American Engineering Record at the Library of Congress.[5]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Canal

http://www.midnet.sc.edu/parks/riverfront.html

http://www.columbiaproperties.com/topic.asp?pid=61

http://www.umich.edu/~ece/student_projects/bonifield/newgatepic.html

http://www.lat-long.com/ShowDetail-19793-South_Carolina-
Mulberry_Creek.html

http://www.columbiasouthcarolina.com/rivers.html

http://www.rootsweb.com/~usgenweb/sc/sca_grnv.html

http://ngba.org/Churches/mountain_creek.htm

On December 6, 1797, the State Legislator of South Carolina passed an
Act that called for the building of a Canal that would make the
Saluda River navigable as far as the Old Indian Boundary Line. Samuel
Rosamond was made a Commissioner for this project. He and his family
would come to own many acres of land in what was once Cherokee land.

I posted this on April 22, 2008

Speaking As God’s Go-el

(Images: St. Eustatius Island. Santa Rosa Island. Rio Rock in Brazil.
The Quill on St. Eustatius. Andrea Dorea in St. Eustatius harbor
flying the Grand Union flag.)
It is most hard to be a man. It is most hard to be a prophet. It is
most hard to be a Jew. It is most hard to be free. It is most hard to
die. It is most hard to come back to life again. It is most hard to
save That which must be saved. It is even harder to turn your back On
what can not be saved It is most hard to be God But the hardest thing
of all Is to have seen God And not one man beleiveth you.”
His work has qualified Him to execute God’s Testament and restore the
property rights to planet earth that our ancestor Adam forfeited, as
seen in the dramatic question of Revelation 5,
“Who is worthy?” Rev.11:15-17; Mat.5:5
To discover my blood-kin bought property called “the Jews land” is
most profound, for it is proof of a deliverance. It is proof there is
a God for He is my Go-el, my personal Redeemer. There is no doubt He
has intervened on my behalf, and the behalf of his Chosen people. I
was a childless convert to Judaism.
While looking at the roots of the Rosamond Family Tree, my sixteen
year old daughter came into my life. She born me a grandson.”The
midrash asks: “Is there anyone in Israel who has no go’el?The idea is
morally unacceptable. How can a person be so isolated, and how can a
society be so alienated that a person might be entirely alone? The
Sages decided to use this to teach a moral lesson about “otherness”
and about acceptance. The answer the Sages give is that the only Jew
who could possibly lack a go’el would have to be a childless convert
to Judaism. For such a person, God Himself is the go’el.”
Above are photographs of St. Eustatius Island, Santa Rosa Island, and
Brazil from where the Sephardic Jews came to America. The family of
Francis Salvador came from Brazil. He was once a very wealthy man,
but then there was an earthquake in Portugal and Francis lost
everything in a tsunami and fire. His kinsman, Rebecca da Costa may
be the daughter of the banker Moses da Costa, and thus she sold “the
Jews land” because Francis owed money to other Sephardic investors
who financially backed the War of Independence and the Glorious
Revolution.
The Lisbon earthquake was a major religious event which put in motion
great religious considerations. It also put a stop to Portugal’s
colonial ambitions in the New World.
In the light of my recent posts, this Cosmic and Godly Act, must be
considered a Divine Intervention, for as it turned out, the Sephardic
Jews had a great influence on the foundation of this Democracy. The
great debate the evangelicals and their political leaders are
foisting upon ALL Americans, is whether God founded this Democracy,
and wants more of a hand on how it will be ruled – in His name!

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses_da_Costa
Here is my prophetic post. Note the date. Saturday, November 03, 2007
I am Go’el ‘The Kinsman Redeemer’
http://www.hebrew4christians.com/Names_of_G-d/Redeemer/redeemer.html
http://rougeknights.blogspot.com/search?q=chazen
(Images: Hebrew letter L. John the Baptist by Davnci. Pelosi. Temple
burning.)”There are wrongs against people that are not viewed as
crimes or civil wrongs by human law. Perhaps the Torah is saying that
even when society provides no redeemer – no redress – God still acts
as redeemer. There is, nevertheless, a higher justice.”
Last night on 20/20 I heard an aged black woman suggest that God had
taken her home away through a default on a loan so that she could be
used to save the homes of many poor people. I thought to myself that
this woman truly believes in God’s Justice, and that His will will be
done. I then got on the computer and googled “Pelosi” and “Defaults”
and came upon an article dated October 2nd. Nancy Pelosi was
instigating legislation to get tax relief for poor people faced with
foreclosure. I thought of my letters to Pelosi, Gavin Newsom,
Congressman Farr, and DeFazio wherein I told of my spiritual quest to
get my families artistic and literary legacy back after it was sold
to an outsider. I spoke of Lawrence Chazen who the head of HUD titled
a preditor and loan shark. Chazen is a partner of Pelosi in the
PlumpJack winery. He was a partner in my late sister’s gallery, and
my father’s private lender in his loan business.
I then began to search for the burning of temple debt archives. While
reading one article on the economy of Israel during the time of
Jesus, I felt tired and went to bed. I awoke and went back to this
article and came upon the word go’el. A go’el is a next of kin
redeemer. A Savior is also a Redeemer. I then came upon the this
site, and was blow away! For seven years I have been waving around my
forefinger, my God-el finger that I connect to Nehushten that is the
Hebrew letter L that I saw looks like a serpent, a sea-serpent.
I have assigned this finger to John the Baptist who is a Redeemer
born on the Day of Atonement. But John prepared the way for another
Redeemer descended from Ruth who was redeemed by Boaz a kinsman.Ruth
was childless convert to Judaism. When I read these words below, I
was overcome with the irony that I was a childless man of 48 when I
tried to stop Chazen who filed a $67,000 dollar claim against
Christine’s estate. In one of the many letters I sent Judge Silver
and Sydney Morris (the court appointed executor) I pleaded with these
men of the law to not sell this spiritual legacy, and asked them for
an advance on my claim to hire a detective to find my child a psychic
said I had. This child has been found, and she born me a grandson
born on April 17th. This child is my Redeemer who God gave so my
family can multiply, and never lose what God has ordained, what God-
el has given.
Yesterday I concluded when my sisters died I lost all my family, for
they have no spiritual program and worship Manom.”How can a person be
so isolated, and how can a society be so alienated that a person
might be entirely alone?I will never be that alone again. Thank God!
There is nothing more lonlier then to be in debt with the wolves at
the door. My sister Christine was this lonely. She had lost her
Brother Redeemer years before due to the family fraud I refused to
take part in. Rosamond had become a slave to her success. Her alleged
caretakers
had become her prison guards.
“49).Another duty of the go’el was to redeem his kinsman from slavery
if sold to a stranger or sojourner.
(Lev. xxv. 47-55).
In both cases much depended upon the nearness or remoteness of the
year of jubilee, which would automatically release either the land or
the person of the kinsman from subjection to another.”Jon PrescoHere
is the testimony of Phillip Stimic, Heir Shannon’s attorney.
“I am a member in good standing of the State Bar of California and an
attorney on recorded for 50% interest in Shannon Rosamond. In my 16
years as a member of the State Bar California, I have never
experienced a more deliberate fraud on any court or more reckless and
calculated attempt to fraudulently take control of a probate estate
as the exclusion of the lawful heirs, and total manipulation of the
tester’s intent, then the present efforts of Attorney’s Robin Beare,
Lawrence J. Chazen, and Garth Benton, the decedents formerspouse.”
“And so let’s return to the midrash on that verse in Naso:”If the man
has no go’el to whom restitution can be made.”The midrash asks:”Is
there anyone in Israel who has no go’el?
The idea is morally unacceptable. How can a person be so isolated,
and how can a society be so alienated that a person might be entirely
alone? The Sages decided to use this to teach a moral lesson
about “otherness” and about acceptance. The answer the Sages give is
that the only Jew who could possibly lack a go’el would have to be a
childless convert to Judaism. For such a person, God Himself is the
go’el.
http://www.hebrew4christians.com/Names_of_G-d/Redeemer/redeemer.html
http://www.ronaldecker.com/ruth.htm
Next of kin, and, hence, redeemer. Owing to the solidarity of the
family and the clan in ancient Israel, any duty which a man could not
perform by himself had to be taken up by his next of kin. Any rights
possessed by a man which lapsed through his inability to perform the
duties attached to such rights, could be and should be resumed by the
next of kin. This applied especially to parcels of land which any
Israelite found it necessary to sell. This his go’el, or kinsman, had
to redeem (Lev. xxv. 25). From the leading case of Jeremiah’s
purchase of his cousin Hananeel’s property in Anathoth (Jer. xxxii. 8-
12) it would appear that in later Israel at any rate this injunction
was taken to mean that a kinsman had the right of preemption.
Similarly, in the Book of Ruth the next of kin was called upon to
purchase a parcel of land formerly belonging to Elimelech (Ruth
iv.Leviticus 25:25 Ruth 1-4 Several types are given in the Book of
Ruth. Naomi left the land and went out to exile picturing Israel’s
departure from God. Ruth is a picture of gentiles joining themselves
to the Jewish people, yet still remaining gentiles, and claiming the
God of Israel, and Israel’s Messiah, as their own.Boaz is a picture
of Christ, the Kinsman Redeemer; The brother of Boaz is a picture of
the law that cannot redeemThe “kinsman redeemer” is a Goel. The word
means to redeem, receive or buy back. Provision was made in the Law
of Moses for the poor person who was forced to sell part of his
property or himself into slavery. His nearest of kin could step in
and “buy back” what his relative was forced to sell (Leviticus
25:48f). The kinsman redeemer was a rich benefactor, or person who
frees the debtor by paying the ransom price. “If thy brother be waxen
poor, and hath sold away some of his possession, and if any of his
kin come to redeem it, then shall he redeem that which his brother
sold.” (Leviticus 25:25; cf. Ruth 4:4, 6).The nearest of kin had the
responsibility of redeeming his kinsman’s lost opportunities. If a
person was forced into slavery, his redeemer purchased his freedom.
When debt threatened to overwhelm him, the kinsman stepped in to
redeem his homestead and let the family live. If a family member died
without an heir the kinsman gave his name by marrying the widow and
rearing a son to hand down his name (Deuteronomy 25:5; Genesis 38:8;
Ruth 3-4).When death came at the hands of another man the redeemer
acted as the avenger of blood and pursued the killer (Numbers 35:12-
34; Deuteronomy 19:1-3). Goel was used of things consecrated to God
(Leviticus 27:13–31), of God as redeeming man (Exodus 6:6; Isaiah
43:1; 44:22; 48:20; 49:7), and those redeemed by God (Isaiah 35:9;
51:10; Job 19:25). The right of redemption and the office belonged to
the nearest kinsman (Leviticus 25:25; Ruth 3:12; 4:1, 6, 8, etc.).
God is the great Kinsman of His people. When their liberty was lost
in Egypt, He rescued them from bondage. “I am the LORD . . . I will
redeem you with a stretched out arm, and with great judgments”
(Exodus 6:6). The ancient patriarch Job complained that no one came
to redeem him! His faith is seen reaching out and proclaiming that
Yahweh will provide His Goel (Kinsman redeemer)! “For I know that my
redeemer liveth, and that he shall stand at the latter day upon the
earth.” (Job 19:25). Job’s hope looked to the coming Messiah. He
affirmed his faith that his redeemer will come to the earth.One of
the most beautiful passages where the word Goel is found is in the
life of Naomi in the book of Ruth. The book of Ruth is a story about
Naomi’s Goel. Naomi (Pleasant One), a picture of Israel, had wondered
away from Bethlehem (house of bread). She was the poorest person in
Israel, but her kinsman was the richest man in Israel. Because of the
death of her husband, Elimelich (God is my king), and two sons Mahlon
(sick) and Chilion (pining), she and her daughter-in-laws lost all
income and their homestead. Naomi was living in a foreign land and
sensed the loss of her homeland and relatives. She became bitter. The
secret of all her daughter-in-law Ruth had was in union with Boaz (In
him is strength). The nearer kinsman, a picture of the law) had the
first right to the property and Boaz came next after him. If Ruth’s
closer relative would not redeem or purchase it, Boaz was prepared to
do so. The man who was nearest of kin agreed to redeem the piece of
land until he found out there was a young widow involved. He
graciously backed out because it would mar his own inheritance (Ruth
4:6)! That left Boaz as the rightful nearest of kin who had the
privilege of redeeming her land and her with it. The Moabitess and
the Jew became one.Boaz was nearest of kin to her deceased husband
(Ruth 2:1). He was able to redeem by paying the price of redemption
(2:1), and he was willing to redeem the land (4:4). That is what
makes this epic so beautiful. Four things were required in order for
a kinsman to redeem:He must be near of kin. (Leviticus 25:48; 25:25
Ruth 3:12–13) He must be able to redeem (Ruth 4:4–6). He must be
willing to redeem (Ruth 4:6ff) Redemption was completed when the
price was completely paid (Leviticus 25:27; Ruth 4:7
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DOCTRINE OF THE KINSMAN REDEEMERI. Introduction.A. This doctrine is
strictly derived from the Old Testament; there is no explicit mention
of it in the New Testament, although it is vital to understanding
Revelation 5.B. In the Epistle to the Hebrews the writer informs us
that the Law was a shadow of the good things to come, and this
includes various institutions such as the one in view. Heb.10:1C.
Typology has three distinct elements that differentiate it from other
Old Testament teachings and these are:1. Correspondence—Old Testament
rites and rituals do correspond in certain and very definite ways
with the antitype, Jesus Christ and various aspects of His life and
ministry.2. Historical—that is, the types are not allegorical in
nature; the types of the Old Testament represent definite, real
things that took place in that period of history.3. Predictive—they
point forward to their fulfillment or antitype (that which is
predicted by the type).D. When we consider the doctrine of the
kinsman redeemer, we will see that this Mosaic institution forms the
basis for a critical aspect of the person and work of Jesus Christ.E.
In fact, this very important doctrine is one of the reasons that God
had to become flesh; this is certainly a very large part of the
reason for the incarnation. Joh.1:1,14; Heb.2:14F. The primary
scriptures that deal with this principle or its application are
Lev.25; Num.35; Deu.19; and Ruth 4.II. Vocabulary.A. la;G” (ga’al),
verb, the primary meaning of this root is to do the part of a kinsman
and thus to redeem his kin from difficulty or danger.1. The
participial form of the Qal stem of this verb has practically become
a noun in its own right though it may properly be considered as a
form of the verb.2. One difference between this root and the very
similar root hd’P’ (padhah—redeem) is that while both of them involve
the transfer of ownership from one to another through the payment of
a ransom price, our term generally emphasizes the redemption being
the privilege or duty of a near relative.III. Definition and
description.A. Redemption is simply deliverance from some sort of
bondage, a release of someone or something from an alien power that
has a claim on it.B. The biblical idea of redemption also involves
the deliverer and what he must do to effect the deliverance.C. What
he must do, or the price he must pay, is known as the redemption
price or ransom.D. Release from the claim must be effected by someone
who, for whatever reason, has a prior or more fundamental claim
toward what is to be delivered.E. While it was occasionally possible
for someone to deliver himself, more characteristically the redeemer
was someone else.F. In the case of the kinsman redeemer it was the
nearest blood relative, who because of his position in the family
possessed the right and the obligation of redemption.G. One that had
the right as a blood relative to redeem persons or property, whether
he exercised it or not, was called the redeemer (Heb. go’el).H. The
three things that were required of the go’el was that he must be a
blood relative, he must be willing to redeem, and have the means to
actually redeem the person or object in question.I. In the case of
redeeming another person, the redeemer must have the added
qualification of being free himself; a slave could not redeem another
slave.J. In effect, the kinsman redeemer was a wealthy benefactor, a
blood relative who could free the debtor by paying the required
ransom price.IV. The redemption of property. Lev.25:23-28A.
Fundamental to the laws that governed the land was the conviction
that YHWH was the true owner of all property by right of creation.B.
One of the practical applications of this truth was that no Israelite
could permanently lose his inheritance. Lev.25:23C. In order to
protect the small landowners, Israelites were legally prohibited from
making any permanent sale of their property. Lev.25:24D. This was
designed to reinforce the truth that the land was God’s and that it
had been given to them as a gift under the Covenant.E. Three separate
situations are contemplated in a temporary land sale, all of which
involved selling the land due to a condition of extreme poverty.1.
The first envisages the recovery of the land through the intervention
of the kinsman redeemer. Lev.25:252. The second was a provision in
the Law that allowed for the possibility of the land being recovered
by the seller, who might find himself financially able to repurchase
it at a later date. Lev.25:263. The third occasion in view was when
there was no go’el and no change in the financial status; this
required that he wait until the Jubilee to recover the land.F. In the
first case above, which was by far the most common, the kinsman
redeemer intervenes to recover the property that has been lost and by
his action the land reverts to the original owner.G. However, in the
two examples we have of this in the Old Testament, we do not find a
case in which the land is simply repurchased, but a prior right to
purchase the property, which has been offered for sale. Ruth 4;
Jer.32:7ff1. In the first case, Boaz was able to redeem the property
of Naomi only after a nearer redeemer waived his right; he did this
simply because he realized the marriage to Ruth was tied to the
purchase.2. In the second case, Jeremiah was only able to redeem the
property before it went on the open market.V. The redemption of
persons.A. In the Old Testament and in the ancient Near East, the
practice of slavery was quite widespread and a regular feature of
life.B. There were several sources of slaves and people could become
slaves in a number of ways.1. A person might be taken captive in
warfare. Deu.20:10-142. If a man that became insolvent and could not
pay his debts, he could be sold as a slave. 2Kgs.4:1; Neh.5:53.
Children could be sold as slaves. Exo.21:7-114. One could be sold as
a slave in order to make restitution for some crime that he had
committed. Exo.22:35. One could voluntarily sell himself as a slave
to pay his financial obligations. Lev.25:396. One could be kidnapped
and sold into slavery. Exo.21:16; Deu.24:7C. However, the Jews were
instructed that no Israelite was to be permanently held in bondage
since he belonged to YHWH. Lev.25:54-55D. If one found himself in the
position of being enslaved, six years was the maximum time that one
could be required to serve as a slave; however, one could choose to
remain a slave for the purpose of economic security.E. In the event
that one Israelite sold himself to another Israelite, there was no
provision made for redemption. Lev.25:39-46F. However, if an
Israelite was forced to sell himself to a resident alien, the kinsman
redeemer became an available option. Lev.25:47-551. This option
provided for an order of responsibility that must be followed in the
performance of the duties of the go’el. Lev. 25:48-49; Ruth 3:122.
The value of his work and the number of years that remained until the
next Jubilee calculated the actual redemption price. Lev.25:50ffVI.
The blood avenger.A. The duty of the blood avenger was one of the
oldest and most pressing responsibilities of the go’el in the land of
Israel.B. This duty is referenced in several places and uses both the
singular go’el (Num.35:12) and the more complex term go’el hadam (the
redeemer/avenger of blood). Jos.20:3,5,9C. In order to understand
properly the concept of blood vengeance, we must recognize that the
biblical penalty for murder was capital punishment, which was
instituted by God and never revoked. Gen.9:5,6D. God is cognizant of
the innocents that suffer the ultimate crime at the hand of others,
and their blood is said to be “crying from the ground”. Gen.4:10E.
This is a phrase that expresses an appeal for Divine vengeance; for
this reason, the Lord Himself monitors these matters. Deu.32:35;
2Kgs.9:7; Psa.9:12F. Israel was instructed to make certain that the
shedding of innocent blood was always avenged, since blood polluted
the land and failure to prosecute a murderer brought cursing on the
nation. Num.35:33-34; Psa.106:38G. Innocent blood is a term that is
applied to those that are killed without justification.H. When the
killer was not discovered, God instituted a ceremony to absolve the
elders of the nearest town of guilt. Deu.21:1ffI. A major factor that
reduced the practice of blood vengeance was the rise of the monarchy,
which delegates the government the right of capital punishment.J. The
practice of asylum at the altar and the cities of refuge limited
unrestrained vengeance. Exo.21:12-14; Num.35:6,11-15,25-28; Deu.19:11-
13VII. Jesus Christ is the great fulfillment of the type.A. It should
be noted that our redemption was the subject of prophecy and the
Person and work of Christ on our behalf was foreordained. 1Pet.1:18-
20B. Jesus Christ perfectly fulfills the four things that are
required for one to act as the kinsman redeemer.C. He became our
kinsman according to the flesh through the incarnation, providing Him
the necessary blood relationship with mankind. Joh.1:1,14; Rom.8:3;
Phi.2:7; Heb.2:17, 4:15D. Therefore, He is the nearest kinsman that
is free from the debt of sin that all men face (Rom.3:9; 11:32;
Gal.3:22) by virtue of the virgin birth and His sinless life.
Joh.8:46; Act.3:14; Heb.4:15; 7:26; 1Pet.2:22; 1Joh.3:5E. He was
willing to pay the ransom price that was demanded in order to free
those that were in bondage. Isa.53:10; Mar.10:45; Joh.1:29, 6:38;
Mat.26:39ff; Tit.2:14F. He was able to pay the required price since
He Himself was not burdened with sin or its penalty of death, and
resided outside the slave market of sin. Rom.8:3; 1Cor.7:23;
2Cor.5:21; Rev.5:9G. Further, His work has qualified Him to execute
God’s Testament and restore the property rights to planet earth that
our ancestor Adam forfeited, as seen in the dramatic question of
Revelation 5, “Who is worthy?” Rev.11:15-17; Mat.5:5H. He has not
only acted on our behalf to restore our freedom and the property that
God created for mankind, He will act as the blood avenger during
Daniel’s 70th week and the Armageddon campaign. Rev.6:10; 16:6; 19:2